Reading and Writing

Patterns of
Development in
Writing
 Objectives

1 2 3
The students should be able to The students should be able to The students should be able to
distinguish different patterns of use the different signal words write a paper using a specific
development in writing. for different patterns of pattern of development.
development in writing.
 Agenda
Pattern of Development: Narration

Pattern of Development: Description

Pattern of Development: Cause and Effect

Pattern of Development: Exemplification

Introduction
Writing can be difficult for most students, especially
if they do not know how to write coherently and
cohesively. Sentences and paragraphs must
demonstrate relationships when conveying the writer's
thoughts and ideas about a topic, and this can be
accomplished effectively by employing patterns of
development.

In this lesson, we will examine different development

patterns that will help you produce better academic
papers.
 What is the pattern of development?
A pattern of development is how an academic
paper is put together from paragraph to
paragraph so that the thesis and evidence for it
are presented in a way that makes sense and is
easy to follow. Without a pattern of
development, a paper may be hard to
comprehend.
Some ways to build a piece of writing are
through narration, description, cause and
effect, and examples.
Narration
A narration is a way to tell a story by putting events in a logical order.
It tells what happened or describes a chain of events that led to a
conclusion or end. It tells us what happened, where it happened, and
when.
Narration is the pattern of development of short stories, poems, fiction
and non-fiction books, films, and TV and radio programs. When you
describe a narrative from a particular point of view, you are engaging
in the practice of narrating.
 Description
A paragraph that employs description seeks to convey to the reader the image of a person, an object, a
place, or a scenario through the use of words. It relies significantly on sensory elements, including
sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste. The two types of description are objective and subjective.

Objective
The focus of an objective description is
on the thing being described, not on the
writer's feelings, thoughts, or personal
reactions to it.
Subjective
Subjective description shows how a
writer feels about the subject and uses
more descriptive and richer language
than objective description.
 Cause and Effect
A cause is something that makes an event or condition happen, and an
effect is what happens as a result. The primary objective of cause-and-
effect in writing is to figure out how different things are related in
terms of their causes and effects.

There are topics that need emphasis on the questions of "how" and
"why," and this is where the cause and effect pattern may be helpful.
 Exemplification
Examples are often used in a wide range of situations. In this pattern, the writer explains the main idea
by giving a long example or a series of examples that are each very specific. Exemplification is a way
to show or explain what the rest or whole of something is like.

You've probably noticed that when you read a lesson about a new topic, watch a documentary, or
listen to a classroom discussion, the best parts are when people give specific examples to back up their
points; it's mainly because we tend to understand better through the aid of examples and illustrations.

Writers use examples a lot in all kinds of writing to explain and make things clear, add interest, and
persuade. Exemplification is what a writer does when they use examples to help prove or clarify a
point.
 • A pattern of development is how an academic
Wrap Up paper is put together from paragraph to
paragraph.
• A narration is a way to tell a story by putting
events in a logical order. It tells what happened or
describes a chain of events that led to a
conclusion or end.
• A description conveys to the reader the image of a
person, an object, a place, or a scenario through
the use of words.

• A cause is something that makes an event or

condition happen, and an effect is what happens
as a result.

• Exemplification is a way to show or explain what

the rest or whole of something is like.
Performance Task
You need to use the four patterns of development from this lesson to make a
Goal portfolio of your writing.

You are an aspiring writer and you are applying to a company that requires sample
Role written work in a portfolio.

Your target audience for the writing portfolio that you are trying to create depends
Audience on the topic that you are going to use.

You recently graduated from a university and are applying to be a creative writer
Situation for a well-known company in the country.

You need to compile sample written works utilizing the patterns of development,
Product mainly narration, description, cause and effect, and exemplification.
 Task Grading

15 25 10

The topic that has been chosen The use of patterns of The use of language and its
by the students is interesting development follows the mechanics is neat, easy to
and relevant. standards from the lesson. follow, and clear.
Thank you for
listening!