Part 1

Business Ethics
Business Ethics:
+ Introduction of business ethics
+ The crime of fraud {the crime of getting money by deceiving people}
+ The caused of fraudulent ( /ˈfrɔː.dʒə.lənt/)behavior
+ The benefits of building ethical companies
+ Ways to prevent fraud and promote ethics in the workplace
+ Causes and effects of the economic decline known as the Great
Recession of 2007 and 2009
Discussion:
1. What is business ethics? What are some examples of ethical behaviors?
A business is a productive organization—an organization whose purpose is to
create goods and services for sale, usually at a profit. Business is also an
activity. One entity (e.g., a person, an organization) “does business” with
another when it exchanges a good or service for valuable consideration.
Business ethics can thus be understood as the study of the ethical
dimensions of productive organizations and commercial activities. This
includes ethical analyses of the production, distribution, marketing, sale, and
consumption of goods and services (see also Donaldson & Walsh 2015).
Discussion:
2. Why are business ethics important?

Questions in business ethics are important and relevant to everyone. This is

because almost all of us “do business”—i.e., engage in a commercial transaction
—almost every day. Moreover, many of us spend a major portion of our lives
engaged in, or preparing to engage in, productive activity, on our own or as part
of productive organizations. Business activity shapes the world we live in,
sometimes for good and sometimes for ill.
Discussion:

2. What is fraud and how can it be prevented?

Fraud is the crime of getting money by deceiving people.

Helps you to:
+ focus on the key points in a text
+ find the evidence that support the key points
+ comprehend better as you read
+ analyze the writer’s ideas and arguments
+ organise the information from a reading
A paragraph includes:
+ a topic (main subject)
Who or what is the text about?
+ main idea
writer’s main idea or key message of the topic
+ supporting details
information to describe, explain, prove or support main idea
 Samples of simple paragraph outline
Sample 1: Learning to Outline (Topic)
Learning to outline will improve your writing for three reasons.
(Main idea)
A. It will help you organize your ideas.
B. It will help you write more quickly
C. It will help you improve your grammar
12
13
A topic sentence is often (thought not always) the first sentence, and it
INTRODUCES, STATES, OR SUMMARIZES the topic of a paragraph.

14
Recognizing Main Ideas & Supporting Ideas

Set the
context

Topic
Main idea

Facts
Examples
Explanation
Illustration
Indicating that the
paragraph is
finished 15
Reading: Business Ethics on page 35
Answer these questions:
1. What is business ethics? What are some examples of ethical
behaviors?
2. Why are ethics important in business
Reading: Business Ethics on page 35
Find:
Topic
Main idea of the text
Main ideas of each paragraph
Reading: Business Ethics on page 35
Reading: Business Ethics on page 35

F
F
F
T
T
• Each paragraph contains one main idea to express the writer’s central point
about the topic of the paragraph
• Main ideas appear:
+ (near) the beginning of a paragraph
+ middle or end
• To look for main ideas:
+ look for the key words that appear in the title or heading, or are in bold or
italics
+ see the signal words: therefore, so, as a result, finally, essentially, basically,
or mainly…
Example
Walking to Physical Fitness
Walking is an effective way to exercise. Walking three to four minutes
every morning is a great way to relax. When walking with a friend, one can
talk about the day ahead or share some challenges they are facing. Walking
alone allows time to meditate and relieve stress. Thinking about life is easier
without the distractions of the world. Also, walking regularly improves my
general health. Fitness experts recommend an exercise routine to keep the
heart strong. The effects that walking has on health makes it a great way to
exercise.
Reading: Theories of Corporate Governance
on page 35

Find:
Main idea of the text
Main ideas of each paragraph
 Outline/Mindmap the reading
• Now outline the summary of the reading on page 38
d

f
a

b
Helps you to:
• better understand the main ideas of a text
• analyze the evidence in support of the main ideas
• organise the information of taking nite
Reading: Exercise 3
Reading: Exercise 3

What is the main idea?

F
Sentence 3
T
Sentence 3
F
Sentence 9
T
Sentence 11
F
Sentence 14
F
Sentence 16
F
Sentence 17
T Sentence 18
DF or E One example

FE such as Q
F A survey RF As a result of

F Reseach shows
A paragraph outline:
Topic sentence
A. First supporting point
1. First supporting detail
2. Second supporting detail
B. Second supporting point
1. First supporting detail
2. Second supporting detail
C. Third supporting point
1. First supporting detail
2. Second supporting detail
Concluding sentence (sometimes included
 Sample of complex paragraph outline
Public Transportation System
One problem is the city’s unreliable public transportation system.
A. Daily schedules are unreliable.
1. Buses arrive late
2. Buses arrive in bunches
B. Passengers are victims
1. They are late to appointment, work , classes
2. They must allow extra time to wait for buses
If you prefer a less formal outline, you can use graphic
elements such as numbers, bullets, and hyphens to indicate main
idea and details. The key when outlining is to indent and to be
consistent in the way you distinguish between main ideas, major
supporting details, and minor supporting details.
• identify the essential information in long, complicated sentences.
• enable you to read more quickly and improve your comprehension
• Is necessary for writing summaries and the main ideas and supporting
details in a text
Help you to:
• Learn the form and meaning of new words
• Guess the meaning of new words as you read
 A word = a root + affix
- A root: carries core meaning
- Affix: prefix or suffix (additional meaning)
Rewrite
- root: write
- Affix: re (do st.again)
Word formation
A word = a root + affix

Transaction: + action across and between

+ The trade or trade of money or goods between people
1. Investment banks are large banks that invest and manage large
amounts of money. They are traditionally located in New York
City (Wall Street).
2. Large banks contributed to the market collapse leading to the
Great Recession.
3. They are large and pressured to return profts.
Answer the questions
• 1. What do investment banks do? Why do they play such an
important role in society?
• 2. What role did investments play in causing Great Recession? Why
are they mistrusted?
• 3. What consequences have investment banks faced as result of their
role in the finacial crisis?
• Who else was responsible for causing the financial criss that led to
Great Recession?
• Why is it challenging for investment banks to build a culture of ethics/
1.Investment banks are private companies that act as a bridge between buyers and sellers on a very
large scale. Investment banks manage complex financial transactions. Investment banks play an
important role in our society because they advise companies in important financial transactions,
buy and sell securities, and assist in the country’s overall economic growth.

2. Investment bankers made questionable ethical decisions when they sold off risky subprime
mortgage-backed securities to investors. They earned huge profits for investment banks, and they
embedded risk throughout the entire economy. As a result, many Americans lost their jobs, homes,
and savings. The government paid billions of taxpayer dollars to bail them out.

3. The banking industry has paid the government billions of dollars in fnes. The banking industry
has also been forced to deal with extensive new governmental regulations.

4. Other important institutions, including the US Federal Reserve the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC), and credit rating agencies were also responsible.

5. Investment banks are very competitive in the business world, and the pressure to drive up proft
in the short-term makes it challenging for them to make ethical decisions
Outline the reading
Project
PART 2: WRITE A RESEARCHED ESSAY
Holidays are important for people in every country and from every culture. They
help people to remember and celebrate important events. They also give people
a reason to gather with family and friends. THINK of a holiday from your home
country. HOW IS IT SIMILAR to a HOLIDAY in another country? What do 2 events
share in common? Conversely, how do the holidays differ? Write for someone
who not familiar with either holiday. Your essay should be provide both what is
alike and what is different about the historical background and festivities of each
holiday?
(500 words)