STRENGTH OF

MATERIALS
ENGR. PROSPERO RESERVA CACAYAN
CHAPTER 1 – SIMPLE STRESS

 Outline:
 ANALYSIS OF
INTERNAL FORCES
 SIMPLE STRESS
 SHEARING STRESS
 BEARING STRESS
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES

Figure 1-1 Exploratory section a-a

through loaded member

Figure 1-2 Components of internal

effects on exploratory section a-a
WHAT IS STRESS
OR STRENGTH OF
ANY MATERIAL
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
 SIMPLE STRESS

• The unit strength of a material is usually defined as the

stress in the material. Stress is expressed symbolically as

where is the stress or force per unit area,

is the applied load
is the cros-sectional area
SOLUTION:
BAR 1:

BAR 2:
EXAMPLE #2:
A COMPOSITE BAR CONSISTS OF AN ALUMINUM SECTION
RIGIDLY FASTENED BETWEEN A BRONZE SECTION AND STEEL
SECTION AS SHOWN BELOW. AXIAL LOADS ARE APPLIED AT
THE POSITIONS INDICATED. DETERMINE THE STRESS IN EACH
SECTION.
ALUMINU STEEL
BRONZE M
A= A=
A=

4000 lb 9000 lb 2000 lb 7000 lb

1.3 ft 1.6 ft 1.3 ft

4000 lb 𝑃 𝑏𝑟

4000 lb 9000 lb 𝑃 𝑎𝑙

4000 lb 9000 lb 2000 lb 𝑃 𝑠𝑡

SOLUTION:
THE STRESSES IN EACH SECTION ARE:
EXAMPLE #3:
The block of weight W in the figure below hangs from the pin at A. The bars AB and AC are pinned
to the support at B and C. The areas are 800 for AB and 400 for AC. Neglecting the weights of the
bars, determine the maximum safe value of W if the stress in AB is limited to 110 Mpa and that in
AC to 120 Mpa.

B C 𝑷 𝑨𝑩 𝑷 𝑨𝑪

40 ° A 60°

40 ° A 60°

W
SOLUTION:
[

[
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY, WE HAVE

AND =0.778W

THE VALUE OF W IS DETERMINED AS FOLLOWS:

FOR AB:
[ P = 0.508W = (110 X
W = 173 X
FOR AC:
[ P = 0.778W = (120 X
W = 61.7 X

THE MAXIMUM SAFE VALUE OF W IS THE SMALLER OF THE PRECEDING TWO VALUES:

W =
 SHEARING STRESS

• Shearing stress is caused by forces acting along or parallel

to the area resisting the forces. It is produced whenever the
applied loads cause one section of a body to tend to slide
pasts its adjacent section.

where
is the shearing
stress
V is the shearing
force
 BEARING STRESS
• Bearing stress is contact pressure between separate bodies.
Examples are the soil pressure beneath piers and the forces on
bearing plates

• The bearing load is expressed by

PROBLEM
WHAT FORCE IS REQUIRED TO PUNCH A 20-MM-DIAMETER
HOLE IN A PLATE THAT IS 25 MM THICK? THE SHEAR
STRENGTH IS 350 MN/M2
.
PROBLEM
IN FIGURE BELOW, ASSUME THAT A 20-MM-
DIAMETER RIVET JOINS THE PLATES THAT ARE
EACH 110 MM WIDE. THE ALLOWABLE STRESSES
ARE 120 MPA FOR BEARING IN THE PLATE
MATERIAL AND 60
MPA FOR SHEARING OF RIVET. DETERMINE (A) THE
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF EACH PLATE; AND (B)
THE LARGEST AVERAGE TENSILE STRESS IN THE
PLATES.
SAMPLE
PROBLEM
ON • The lap joint shown in Fig. P-126 is
BEARING fastened by four ¾-in.-diameter
rivets. Calculate the maximum safe
load P that can be applied if the
shearing stress in the rivets is limited
to 14 ksi and the bearing stress in the
plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume
the applied load is uniformly
distributed among the four rivets.
FIGURE
•Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
•A tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a pressure is subjected
to tensile forces,
•which resist bursting, developed across longitudinal and transverse
sections.

•TANGENTIAL STRESS

•(Circumferential Stress)

•Consider the tank shown being subjected to an internal pressure p.

The length of the tank is L and the wall thickness is t. Isolating the
right half of the tank:
•If there exist an external pressure po and an internal pressure pi, the
formula may be
•expressed as:
LONGITUDINAL STRESS, σL

Consider the free body diagram in the transverse section of the tank:

The total force acting at the rear of the tank F must equal to the total longitudinal stress on
the wall PT = σL Awall. Since t is so small compared to D, the area of the wall is close to
πDt

If there exist an external pressure po and an internal pressure pi, the formula may be
expressed as:
It can be observed that the tangential stress is twice that of the longitudinal stress.
σt = 2 σL
• A cylindrical pressure vessel is
fabricated from steel plating that
has a thickness of 20
• The diameter of the pressure
vessel is 450 mm and its length
is 2.0 m. Determine the
maximum internal pressure that
can be applied if the longitudinal
stress is limited to 140 MPa, and
the circumferential stress is
limited to 60 MPa.
THANK YOU