Weekly Review Notes

Running review on Zoology

Week 1
General understanding of the diversity of vertebrates with an
understanding of non-amniote, amniote, sauropsid, and synapsid
names
• Non-Amniote (Frogs/Amphibians)
• Non-amniotes are creatures that develop babies in a membrane FROM MOM.
• Need HIGH moisture to develop (pods in water)
• Amniote (Reptiles/Birds/Mammals)
• Need SOME moisture
• Embryo makes membrane
• Sauropsid
• Evolved from amniotes
• More closely related to reptiles
• Synapsid
• Evolved from amniotes
• More closely related to mammals
General understanding of phylogenies and terminology with
ability to interpret relationships in a simple phylogeny

• Vocab: Taxon, Monophyletic, Polyphyletic, Paraphyletic, Outgroup,

Parsimony.
Definitions

• Taxon: Scientific recognized group with a common ancestor

• Monophyletic: having a single evolutionary origin
• One ancestor origin to descendants
• Polyphyletic: a group with a common ancestor (taxon) that doesn’t have the most recent
common ancestor to all the lower taxa of the taxon
• Paraphyletic: a taxon with a common ancestor and some, but not all, descendants
• Outgroup: a group of organisms that is related to but removed from a group under study
• Parsimony: Most plausible phylogeny with the fewest changes
General understanding of basic evolutionary principles and how
they relate to diversity of vertebrates
3 eras of the Geologic Time Scale and trend of fragmentation and
coalescence
General description of chordates (4 synapomorphies)
General traits for the 2 non-vertebrate Chordate groups
General traits of vertebrates, including development and general
body plan (tissues, muscle, etc.)
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 5
Week 5
Week 5
Week 5