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  • Lesson 8 Kingdom Protista

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    Krish D.
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    1) Protists evolved from prokaryotes over 1.7 billion years ago through inward folding of the plasma membrane and endosymbiosis, which led to the formation of complex organelles. 2) Protists include eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants, fungi nor animals. They are mostly unicellular but some are multicellular or colonial. They have diverse nutritional modes. 3) Protists are classified based on their locomotion structures into flagellates, ciliates, pseudopods, and sporozoans. Some flagellates and sporozoans can cause diseases in humans and animals.

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    Lesson-8-Kingdom-Protista (1)

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    1) Protists evolved from prokaryotes over 1.7 billion years ago through inward folding of the plasma membrane and endosymbiosis, which led to the formation of complex organelles. 2) Protists include eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants, fungi nor animals. They are mostly unicellular but some are multicellular or colonial. They have diverse nutritional modes. 3) Protists are classified based on their locomotion structures into flagellates, ciliates, pseudopods, and sporozoans. Some flagellates and sporozoans can cause diseases in humans and animals.

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    19 views8 pages

    Lesson 8 Kingdom Protista

    Uploaded by

    Krish D.
    1) Protists evolved from prokaryotes over 1.7 billion years ago through inward folding of the plasma membrane and endosymbiosis, which led to the formation of complex organelles. 2) Protists include eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants, fungi nor animals. They are mostly unicellular but some are multicellular or colonial. They have diverse nutritional modes. 3) Protists are classified based on their locomotion structures into flagellates, ciliates, pseudopods, and sporozoans. Some flagellates and sporozoans can cause diseases in humans and animals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    9/8/2017

    “No more pleasant sight has met my eye


    than this of so many thousands of living
    creatures in one small drop of water.”
    Anton van Leeuwenhoek
    The Protists

    KINGDOM PROTISTA

    Inward Folding of the Plasma


    Origin of Eukaryotic Life
    Membrane
    • Eukaryotic life evolved from prokaryotes
    more than 1.7 billion years ago
    • Evolution was a result of two processes:
    inward folding of the plasma membrane and
    endosymbiosis.

    Protists
    Endosymbiosis • Eukaryotic organisms
    • Neither plants, fungi, nor animals
    Engulfed prokaryotic
    • Mostly unicellular, some are colonial
    organisms had
    symbiotic relationship • Some species are multicellular (e.g. algae
    with the host and seaweeds)
    prokaryotic cell. This • Nutritionally diverse
    became the complex
    organelles of the first • Most are aquatic, found almost anywhere
    eukaryotic cell. there is water

    1
    9/8/2017

    Basic Protist Classification Animal-Like Protists


    • Photosynthetic, ingestive, and absorptive • Also known as protozoa
    • Based on ecological contexts • Single-celled, eukaryotic
    • These terms are not monophyletic groups • Share some characteristics similar to animals
    • Classified based on their modes of
    locomotion

    Classes of Protozoa Flagellates


    • Flagellates (Mastigophora) • Has flagellum as means of locomotion
    • Ciliates (Ciliophora) • Free living (non-parasitic)
    • Pseudopods (Sarcodina) • Some species can cause disease such as
    • Sporozoans (Sporozoa) Giardia and Trypanosoma

    Euglena Trypanosoma

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    9/8/2017

    Giardia

    Ciliates (Ciliophora) Paramecium


    • Has cilia as means of locomotion
    • May completely cover the cell surface or in a
    few rows
    • Most species are free living (non-parasitic)
    • Binary fission, conjugation

    Stentor

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    9/8/2017

    Pseudopods (Sarcodina) Amoeba


    • Characterized by great flexibility and
    absence of permanent locomotive structures
    • Temporary extensions of the cell
    (pseudopod)
    • Amoeba

    Apicomplexans (Sporozoa)
    • Spore-producing protists
    • One end of the sporozoite cell contains a
    complex of organelles specialized for
    penetrating host cell and tissues
    • Most are parasitic and cause sickness

    Plant-Like Protists
    • Possess chloroplasts (capture light energy to
    produce food)
    • Include algae, seaweeds, dinoflagellates, and
    diatoms

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    9/8/2017

    Algae Red Algae


    • Alga (singular) • Around 6,000 species
    • One of a great variety of protists • Also known as rhodophytes
    • Unicellular/multicellular, photosynthetic • Phycoerythrin masks the green of
    autotrophs with chloroplasts containing chlorophyll
    chlorophyll • Some may be heterotrophic if they lack the
    • Aquatic pigment
    • Most of the seaweeds are classified in this
    group

    Red algae Green Algae


    • Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
    • Believed to be the ancestor of the land
    plants
    • Include Volvox, Caulerpa, and Ulva (sea
    lettuce)

    Volvox (globe algae) Ulva (sea lettuce)

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    9/8/2017

    Caulerpa Brown Algae


    • The largest and the most complex among
    the algae
    • Multicellular and marine
    • Found in cool waters (at great depths)
    • Contain carotenoids

    Sargassum Kelp

    Kelp Golden Algae


    • Chrysophytes
    • Yellow and brown carotenoids
    • Cells are typically biflagellated
    • Mostly are component of freshwater and
    marine plankton
    • Most are unicellular

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    9/8/2017

    Golden algae Alternation of Generations

    Diatoms
    • Bacillariophythes
    • Unicellular algae
    • Have unique glass-like wall made of hydrated
    silica embedded in an organic matrix
    • Reproduce asexually by mitosis
    • Estimated 100,000 living species
    • Major component of plankton

    Diatoms Diatoms

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    9/8/2017

    Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates
    • Abundant in the vast aquatic pastures of
    phytoplankton
    • Characteristic shape reinforced by external
    plates made of cellulose
    • Dinoflagellate blooms

    Dinoflagellates Economic Importance

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