Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education

Department of Fire Technology and Safety Engineering

FS22P5-PROJECT WORK
IV Year/8th semester (2019-2023)

STUDY OF RISK ANALYSIS IN THE METHODS OF

HEAT TREATMENT
BATCH- VIII
BY
SAIRAM S – (Reg No:1119225021)
SHANIF TP – (Reg No:1119225022)
STEBIN ANTO A – (Reg No:1119225023)
SIVAPRAKASH S – (Reg No:1120325004)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PF. T. JEGAN
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AIM

 TO STUDY IN DETAIL ABOUT THE HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS AND

SURFACE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES.
 TO STUDY ABOUT THE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF LIQUIFIED
PETROLEUM GAS TO ENSURE THE EFFICIENCY OF RISK ANALYSIS .
 TO STUDY ABOUT THE SAFETY OF HEAT TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS.
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

 ABOUT HEAT TREATMENT AND SURFACE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES

 TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT.
 ABOUT STORAGE AND HANDLING OF LPG.
 VARIOUS EQUIPMENTS USED IN HEAT TREATMENT AND SURFACE
ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES.
 CONCLUSION.
ABOUT HEAT TREATMENT AND 4
SURFACE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES

 Heat Treatment process is a series of operations involving the Heating and Cooling of
metals in the solid state.
 Its purpose is to change a mechanical property or combination of mechanical properties
so that the metal will be more useful, serviceable, and safe for definite purpose.
 By heat treating, a metal can be made harder, stronger, and more resistant to impact, heat
treatment can also make a metal softer and more ductile.
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TYPES OF HEAT TREATMENT

 Annealing
 Normalizing
 Quenching or Hardening
 Tempering
 Surface Hardening
 Case Hardening
 Austempering
 Marquenching
 Ausforming
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1. Annealing.
Annealing is the process for softening materials or to bring about required changes
in properties, such as machinability, mechanical or electrical properties, or
dimensional stability.
2. Normalizing
It is a type of heat treatment applicable to ferrousmetals only. • It differs from
annealing in that the metal is heated to a higher temperature and then removed from
the furnacefor air cooling.
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3. Quenching or Hardening.
It is done to increase the strength and wear properties. One of the pre-requisites for
hardening is sufficient carbon and alloy content.
4. Case Hardening
• Case Hardening is the process of hardening the surface of a metal, often a low
carbon steel, by infusing elements into the material's surface, forming a thin layer of
a harder alloy.
5. Austempering
• Austempering is heat treatment that is applied toferrous metals, most notably steel
and ductile iron.
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6. Tempering.
Tempering is carried out by preheating previously quenched or normalized steel to a
temperature below the critical range, holding, and then cooling to obtain the desired
mechanical properties.
7. Surface Hardening.
Surface hardening, treatment of steel by heat or mechanical means to increase the
hardness of the outer surface while the core remains relatively soft.
8.Martempering(MARQUENCHING)
To overcome the restrictions of conventional quenchingand tempering,
Martempering process can be used.
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9. Ausforming.
Ausforming also known as Low and High temperature thermomechanical
treatmentstreatments is a method used to increase the hardness and stubbornness of
an alloy by simultaneously tempering, rapid cooling, deforming and quenching to
change its shape and refine the microstructure.
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SAFETY IN HEAT TREATMENT

 CONSEQUENCES:
Heat can cause fire, fire can burn down buildings, fire can kill and fire can cost us money.
Heat is the major tool of the trade of a heat treater, and heat can burn all sorts of things.
 SAFETY PROCEDURES:
• Confined-space entry procedures
• Lockout and tag-out of all electrical equipment on the furnace
• Be sure you have a working partner to monitor and recover you if there is a problem when
you are in the furnace process chamber.
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• Do not enter into the furnace without a safety harness attached to both you and your
workimg partner.
• Be sure that the furnace process chamber has a continuous supply of fresh moving air
(air blower, air line, etc.).
• Be sure that both regular and frequent checks are made on firefighting equipment,
hoses, extinguishers, etc.
• Conduct quarterly fire-fighting exercises with key personnel.
• Conduct evacuation procedures and assure that all key personnel understand the
procedures that they are responsible.
• Clean up spills, (oil, water, grease, etc.) as they happen. Do not wait until someone
slips or falls.
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• Make sure appropriate exits are clear of equipment blockages.

• Make sure appropriate danger and warning signs are in place and visible to everyone.
• Make sure that each shop individual is wearing his/her safety glasses.
• While conducting the nitriding process using anhydrous ammonia, know how to neutralize
an ammonia leak.
• While using salt-bath equipments, appropriate safety clothing is important.If the molten
salt (nitrate or other type) hits your bare skin, it will keep on burning the skin until it goes
cold.
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• Oil-quench tanks will usually catch fire if they are overloaded with work or if they are
contaminated with water. Be sure that you have your firefighting drill perfected to deal
with an oil-quench fire. The main thing is DO NOT PANIC! You know where the fire is,
and you need to starve the fire of oxygen to extinguish it.
• Good housekeeping should be mandatory.
• Make sure that each and every person employed in both the heat-treatment shop as well as
the office understands the nature of a fire and how to deal with it without panic.
• Be sure that all of the appropriate safety clothing is issued, functional and, most
importantly, worn!
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STORAGE AND HANDLING OF LPG

Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is one of these flammable gases and needs to be handled
with due care to ensure safety of plant and personnel. Gas leakage has always been a
matter of high risk at industrial facilities, hence safety is most essential. 
 ADVANTAGES
Cost effective.
High heat tranfer efficiency.
Low Sulphur content.
Low maintainance cast.
Produces less pollution.
SAFETY TIPS WHILE HANDLING 15
LPG

 LPG should have separate safe-keeping chambers with sufficient distance from other
volatile materials, especially flame.
 Capacity Zones should be built in industries to store and regulate LPG. The amount of
LPG stored shouldn’t exceed the specified limits of the capacity zone.
 When storing LPG in large quantities in Industry, it is very important to ensure that there
is proper ventilation to let any leakage seep through and depressurize.
 In high capacity zones, leakages should be monitored and prevented at all costs. There are
several devices offered by SUPERGAS to help you with leakage.
 Transportation of LPG is easy, but shouldn’t be overlooked as the cylinders and bottles
used to store and transport are also prone to wear and tear over time
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 DO’S AND DON’T’S IN HANDLING LPG:

• Read operating instructions mentioned by the manufacturer carefully before use
• Try and keep the cylinders in a cool place and at a safe distance from sparks, flames and
high heat
• Ensure adequate ventilation and raise alarm or shout in case of leakage
• Don’t keep your LPG cylinder in the horizontal position. The right way to use the cylinder
is upright
• Do not connect the cylinder without checking valve and ‘O’ ring
• Don’t use battery-operated or electrical devices in and around the LPG shed
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CONCLUSION

 VARIOUS METHODS AND TECHNIQUES USED IN THE HEAT TREATMENT AND

SURFACE ENGINEERING ARE ANALYSED.
 THE STORAGE AND DIFFERENT METHODS OF HANDLING LIQUIFIED
PETROLEUM GAS HAS BEEN STUDIED.
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THANK YOU