MORALE

Human Behavior in Organization

What is Morale?

Morale is an overall attitude of an individual and

group towards all aspects of their work.

Flippo : Morale is a mental condition or attitude of

an individual and groups which determines their
willingness to co-operate.
There are (3) three approaches to the problem of
morale.
❏ Classical Approach : the satisfaction of basic needs is the symbol
of morale. If the basic needs of the employees are satisfied, there
morale will be high.
❏ Psychological Approach : emphasizes not only the basic needs of
the people but psychological, needs also influence in the morale of
the people. Psychological needs are the main motives of morale.
According to this view the attitudes and willingness to work is
morale.
❏ Social Approach : For social scientist, the morale is a social
phenomenon that pulls the men to live in society or groups in
pursuit of a common goal.
Employee Morale
❏ Morale is generally referred to “ willingness to work”.
❏ Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction create the problem of
morale among the employees.
❏ If employee is satisfied with his work, his morale will be
high and if he is dissatisfied, his morale will be low.
❏ Motivation induces the people to work in a manner, most
beneficial to the organization.
❏ Good motivation leads to high morale.
 Morale and Motivation

Morale is the attitude of a person

towards his work and environment
while Motivation is a process to inspire
people.
The following main points should be remembered in mind in regard in morale:

❏ Morale is related to mental health which is closely associated with loyalty,

egoism, enthusiasm, etc.
❏ Morale is an identification of group interest and that of the interest of the
enterprises, fellow workers, and the requirements of the job.
❏ Morale is the subjective feeling of the employees. The morale of a group
is said to be high when the group shows an attitude of satisfaction.
❏ Morale affects human behavior, performance, and discipline. It cannot be
measured directly but is reflected in productivity, employee discipline,
absenteeism, turnover, etc.
 Morale and Productivity
There is a positive relation among both
Morale and Productivity.
“High the morale, high will be
productivity.”
 Importance of Morale
❏ Production and productivity are directly affected
by high morale
❏ It promotes good feelings about the work policies,
practices, etc. Morale is very important factor in
success and failure of an organization
❏ Several labor problems are solved automatically
by boosting up the morale
Factors Affecting Morale
❏ The organization
❏ The nature of work
❏ The level of satisfaction
❏ The level of supervision
❏ Concept of self
❏ Workers perception of reward system
❏ Employees age
❏ Occupational level
Signs of High and Low Morale
High Morale :
❏ Internal Cohesiveness
❏ Absence of subs group within
a group
❏ Ability to cope changing
environment
❏ Feeling of belongingness
❏ Commonness of goals
Low Morale :
❏ High rate of absenteeism
❏ Tardiness
❏ High labour turnover
❏ Strikes
❏ Lack of pride in work
❏ Wastage and spoilage
 Determinants of Employee Morale
On the basis of Hawthorne Studies, Alexander Leighton enumerates
(5) five major determinants of morale

1 Confidence of the individual

members of the group in the
4 Organizational Efficiency
❏ Definiteness of Responsibility
purpose of the group. ❏ Adequate Communication

2 Confidence in Leadership.
5 Working Condition and Allied Factors
❏ Fair Wage
❏ Security and Opportunity to Rise
3 Confidence in Fellow Workers. ❏ Work Environment
Administrative Measure to Promote Morale
❏ Sound Wage Structures ❏ Joint consultation
❏ Security of Job ❏ Delegation of authority
❏ Sound Promotion Policy ❏ Two way communication
❏ Sound Grievance (fairness, avoid ❏ Proper incentive system
dissatisfaction and conflicts) ❏ Human relation approach
❏ Recognition of efforts of the people ❏ Welfare scheme
❏ Inspire credos and mottoes for workers ❏ Participation in
( sense of importance) management
❏ Keeping the workers well informed of ❏ Improve workers training
information of their interest ❏ Job enrichment
❏ Establish a system of employees
counselling
Thank You
for
Listening!