Bearing Types
Primary Function of Bearings
• Transmit loads
• Reduce Friction
• Secondary roles
– Support the shaft
– Locate the shaft
Bearing Loads
How did a bearing evolve ?
* Invention of wheel
* Wheel rotates on axle
* Wear Plate + Rollers
* Inner ring + Outer ring
+ Rollers
* With introduction of
cage Rolling Bearing
was created
Roller and Ball Raceway Contact
Types of Rolling Elements
Spherical roller Spherical roller
Ball (symmetrical) (asymmetrical)
Cylindrical roller Taper roller
Needle roller
Bearing Components
(Deep Groove Ball Bearing)
Seal Rolling Elements Inner Ring
Outer ring Cage Seal
Characteristics
Ball bearings Point Contact :
Deep groove Angular Self-aligning
ball bearing contact ball bearing
ball bearing
* Less area of contact
* Less friction
* More speed
* Less load
Roller bearings
Cylindrical Taper Needle Spherical Line Contact :
roller roller roller roller
bearing bearing bearing bearing
* More area of contact
* More friction
* Less speed
* More load
Bearing Loads
Radial rolling bearings
Ball bearings Roller bearings
Deep groove Angular Self-aligning Cylindrical Taper Needle Spherical
ball bearing contact ball bearing roller roller roller roller
ball bearing bearing bearing bearing bearing
Thrust bearings
Ball bearings Roller bearings
Angular Taper Spherical Cylindrical
Thrust Contact Roller Roller / Needle
ball bearing Ball Thrust Thrust Thrust Roller
bearing bearing bearing Thrust
bearing
Bearing Terminology
Bore surface
O.D.
Bore
O.D. surface
Bearing Terminology
Outer ring raceway
Outer ring land
Side faces
Inner ring land Inner ring raceway
Ball and Roller Bearing Ranges
Ball bearings + Roller bearings
Deep groove Angular Self-aligning Cylindrical Taper Needle Spherical
contact
Load Capabilities
Load carrying capacity
is expressed as the basic
dynamic load rating
Relative Speed Limitations
r/min
Oil lubrication
speed rating
Grease lubrication
speed rating
Bearing Contact Angle
Single Cylindrical Angular Taper Spherical
Row Roller Contact Roller Roller
Radial Loads Combined Loads
Bearing Components
Cage Outer Ring
Rolling Element
Inner Ring
Closures: Shields
Internal Clearances
Radial
clearance
Axial
clearance
Bearing Basics
C1 - Less than C2 clearance
C2 - less than normal clearance (CN, C0) -
normal clearance (not generally
marked)
C3 - greater than normal clearance
(“standard”)
C4 - greater than C3 clearance
C5 - greater than C4 clearance
Example:
A 6210 /C3 Ball bearing has from 18 - 36
µm (microns) or 0.0007” - 0.0014” Radial
Internal Clearance
Selection Of Bearing-Type
The guidelines for selecting a proper type of bearing are as
follows:-
For low and medium radial loads, ball bearings are used, whereas
for heavy loads roller bearings are selected.
Self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings are used in
applications where a misalignment between the axes of the shaft and
housing is likely to exist.
Thrust ball bearings are used for medium thrust loads whereas for
heavy thrust loads, cylindrical roller thrust bearings are used.
Bearing Failure
The principal types of surface wear
are:-
Abrasive wear: It occurs when the
bearing is made to operate in an environment
with dust, foreign particles, rust or spatter.
Corrosive wear: The corrosion of the
surface of bearing parts is caused by the entry
of water or moisture and also corrosive
elements present in the extreme pressure
additives that are added in the lubricating oil.
This results in fine wear uniformly distributed
over the entire surface.
Continued...
Pitting: It is a surface fatigue failure that
occurs when the load on the bearing part
exceeds the surface endurance strength of the
material. This type of failure is characterized
by pits, which continue to grow resulting in
complete destruction of the bearing surface.
Scoring: Excessive surface pressure, high
surface speed and inadequate supply of
lubricant result in breakdown of the lubricant
film. This results in excessive frictional heat
and overheating at the contacting surfaces.
Scoring is a stick-slip phenomenon, in which
alternate welding and shearing takes place
rapidly at high spots.
Applications of Rolling Contact Bearing
Rolling Contact Bearings are used in
following applications:-
Machine tool spindles.
Automobile front and rear axle.
Gear boxes.
Small size electric motors.
Rope sheave, crane hook and hoisting
drum.
