TOPIC – Osteoporosis

Orthopedics

SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
Ayush Singh DR. Himanshu Sir
19SMAS1010007
BPT 3RD YEAR 6TH SEMESTER
The word ‘osteoporosis’ means ‘porous bone.’ It is a disease
that weakens bones.
Osteoporosis is by far the commonest metabolic bone disease.
It is characterised by a diffuse reduction in the bone density
due to a decrease in the bone mass. It occurs when the rate of
bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation..
A condition in which bones become weak and brittle.
CAUSES :
CLINICAL FEATURES :
Osteoporosis is an asymptomatic disorder unless complications (predominantly
fractures) occur.
Loss of bone mass leads to loss of strength so that a trivial trauma is sufficient to cause
a fracture.
Dorso-lumbar spine is the most frequent site.
Pain from these fractures is usually the reason for a person to consult a physician.
Other fractures whose aetiology has been linked to underlying osteoporosis are Colles’
fracture and fracture of the neck of femur.
RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES :
X-rays:• Loss of vertical height of a vertebra due to collapse.
• Cod fish appearance: The disc bulges into the adjacent vertebral bodies so that the disc becomes
biconvex.
• Ground glass appearance of the bones,conspicuous in bones like the pelvis.
• Singh’s index: Singh et al. graded osteoporosis into 6 grades based on the trabecular pattern o the
femoral neck trabecule.
Biochemistry: Serum calcium, phosphates and alkaline phosphatase are within normal limits. Total
plasma proteins .
Densitometry: This is a method to quantify osteoporosis. In this method absorption of photons (emitted
from gamma emitting isotopes) by the bone calcium is measured.
Bone biopsy.
Treatment can be divided into medical and
orthopaedic.Medical treatment :

• High protein diet: Many elderly patients suffer from malnutrition. Increasing their protein intake
may increase the formation of organic matrix of the bone.
• Calcium supplementation: Its role is doubtful, but may be helpful in cases with deficiency of calcium
in their diet
.• Androgens: These hormones have an anabolic effect on the protein matrix of bone, and in some
instances ameliorate symptoms.
• Estrogens: Estrogens have been shown to halt the progressive loss of bone mosteoporosis
menopausal osteoporosis.
• Vitamin D: This is given, in addition to the above, to increase calcium absorption from
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