HERBS FOR CARDIAC

DISEASES,
HEPATITIS, AND
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 7
GROUP MEMBERS
WAJEEHA ASHFAQ 040
AFIFA UPPAL 044
ANUM BIBI 043
REHAN RUSTAM 041
AYMAN ARSHAD 045
ABDUL WASAY 046
CONTENT
HERBS FOR CARDIAC DISEASES
•Digitalis
•Convallaria majalis
•Urginea indica
•Allium sativum
•Punica granatum
HERBS FOR HEPATITIS
•Barberry
•Henna
•Picorrhiza
HERBS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES
•Peepul tree
•Malabar nut
HERBS FOR CARDIAC
DISEASES
Digitalis

Presented by: Wajeeha

Ashfaq
Roll no: 06331913040
Cardiac Diseases

The heart is divided by a septum

into two halves. The halves are in
turn divided into chambers. The
upper two chambers of the heart
are called atria and the lower two
chambers are called ventricles .
Valves allow blood to flow in one
direction between the chambers of
the heart.
Heart disease is an umbrella term for a
number of diff erent diseases which
aff ect the heart.

The most common type of heart disease

is coronary artery disease

 Various forms of heart disease

include

 Cardiovascular diseases

 Atherosclerosis

 Coronary heart diseases

 Angina pectoris

 Ischemia
Digitalis purpurea

SYNONYMS

foxglove, fairy gloves, digitoria

Scientifi c name

Digitalis purpurea

Family

Scrophulariaceae
 Biological Source

Digitalis consists of dried leaves of

Digitalis purpurea belonging to the
family Scrophulariaceae

 Digitalis is from the Latin word

digitatus, meaning a finger, and it
refers to the finger-shaped corolla,
purpurea is a Latin word and refers
to the purple colour of the flower.
Chemical Constituents

 Digitalis contains 0.2 to 0.45 % of Cardiac glycosides

(Cardenolides), Purpurea glycosides A and B, which are primary

glycosides, digoxin & digitoxin.

 Digitalis also contains several other glycosides such as Odoroside H,

Glucogitaloxin, Gitaloximn, Verodoxin and Glucoverodoxin.

Chemical Constituents structures
Uses

1. Powdered Digitalis is a cardio tonic

2. Digitalis increases excitability of Cardiac muscles and
produces more powerful contractions.
3. It enables the heart to beat more strongly, slowly and
regularly, without using or needing more O2.
4. Stimulates urine production  lessening the load on
the heart i.e result in diuresis and loss of edema.
Indication of use of cardiac glycosides:
1. CCF (congestive cardiac failure)
2. Atrial fibrillation
3. Atrial tachycardia
4. Ventricular tachycardia
 Digitalis lanata

 Synonym:   Grecian Foxglove

 Biological Source

 It consists of the dried leaves

of Digitalis lanata; belonging to

family Scrophulariaceae.

 Chemical Constituents

 Digitalis lanata contains cardiac glycosides like lanatoside A, B, C and E. Lanatosides A and B
are acetyl derivatives of purpurea glycosides A and B respectively. Hydrolysis of Lanatoside C
yields digoxin, a crystalline active glycoside.
USES:

 Employed in the treatment of auricular fibrillation and congestive heart

failure.
MAY LILY
INDIAN SQUILL

Presented by: Afifa

Uppal
Roll no: 06331913044
MAY LILY
Synonyms

Lily of the valley,  glovewort  

Biological source

May lily consists of the fl owers, leaves

and roots of the Convallaria majalis
belonging to the family Asparagaceae.

Geographical source

Lily of the valley is native to Europe

but is found abundantly throughout the
eastern US, nor thern Asia and in
England
 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Roughly 38 diff erent cardiac glycosides have been

found in lily of the valley , some of these include:

Convallatoxin, convallotoxol, convallarin,

convallamarin, convalloside, Convallotoxoloside,
Convallatoxin
saponins.

Convallotoxin is a valuable and very potent

pharmaceutical drug.

Traces of volatile oil , tannin , salts ,etc. are also

present.
Convallatoxole
MEDICINAL USES

 Herbalist have considered the roots of convallaria to be a

treatment for a weak heart, shortness of breath and
arrythmias.

 It has been used for the treatment of congestive heart

failure and cardiomyopathy.

 It has similar but milder cardiac eff ects to digitalis but

without the toxic build up.

 Mitral stenosis ,mitral regurgitation and corpulmonale

are especially good indications for its use.
OTHER USES

 Ur in ar y t rac t i nfec tion s (UTIs).

 Ki dney st on es. SIDE EFFECTS

Lily-of-the-valley can
 Weak contrac ti on s i n la bor. cause side effects
such as nausea,
 E pi l epsy.
vomiting, abnormal
 Fl u i d retenti on.
heart rhythm,
headache, decreased
 Strokes. consciousness and
responsiveness, and
 Pa ra l ysi s. visual color
disturbances.
 In fecti on of eye (c on ju nct ivitis).

 Leprosy.
INDIAN SQUILL
Synonyms

Sea onion, Urginea, Jangli Pyaz

Biological Source

Indian squill consists of dried slices

of the bulb of Urginea indica
Kunth., belonging to family Liliaceae

Geographic Source

It is found throughout India

(Western Himalaya, Konkan,
Coramandal coast, Bihar, etc).
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

 Bulb : hentriacontanol, octadecenoic acid, glycosides and

Octadecanoic
scillaren A and B. acid

 Root, bulb and leaf: sitosterol, stigmasterol and campasterol.

 Tuber: scillarenin.
MEDICINAL USES

 Squill is taken to treat mild heart failure, irregular heartbeat, “nervous”

heart complaints, and certain vein problems.

 It is also used as a “heart tonic” i.e a substance that has a favorable

eff ect upon the action of the heart.

 Using squill can also be unsafe and may lead to irregular heartbeat and
other serious and life-threatening  heart problems.

 Other Uses: Diuretic, enhances ecretory products removal, used to

treat ringworm, scabies, leprosy, rheumatism.
1. ALLIUM SATIVUM

2. PUNICA GRANATUM

PRESENTED BY:
ANAM BIBI
(06331913043)
ALLIUM SATIVUM

Common Name : Garlic

Botanical name : Allium sativum

SYNONYMS:
Wild onion
Hooker's onion
Allium acuminatum
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:
Bulbs and Rhizome
FAMILY:
Liliaceae
 GEOGRAPHICAL
SOURCE:

 Allium sativum, perennial plant

is grown for its fl avourful
bulbs.

 The plant is native to central

Asia but grows wild in Italy and
southern France

 Garlic, is a strongly aromatic

bulb crop believed to originate
from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
and Western China.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

• Garlic contains 0.1 -0.36 % of

volatile oils.
• Garlic contains at least 33 sulfur
compounds like
• aliin
• allicin
• ajoene
• Diallyl disulfide
• 5-allylmercaptocystein
• Besides sulfur compounds, garlic
contains 17 aminoacid and their
glycosides , arginine and others.
• Minerals such as selenium and enzymes like allinase, peroxidase,
myrosinase etc .
• The most biologically active compound is allicin
(diallylthiousulfinate) does not exist in garlic until it is crushed or
cut.
• Injury to the garlic bulb activates the enzyme “allinase” which
metabolizes alliin into allicin.
 USES:

Coronary heart
diseases

Used to treat atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of

arteries)

People use garlic to prevent rectal cancer, multiple

myloma and stomach cancer.
Garlic is used to prevent cold, flu and bacterial and fungal
infections.

It is used to treat BPH(Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)

Garlic has been used in the treatment of Osteoarthritis.

It is used to treat cystic fibrosis and diabetes.

PUNICA GRANATUM
SYNONYM: Pomegranate, also known
as "anar" (in Urdu)

BOTANICAL NAME: Punica granatum

FAMILY: Punicaceae

PART USED: Seed, Fruit, Flower and

leaves

HABITAT: Commonly cultivated as
ornamental and fruit tree.
 GEOGRAPHICAL
SOURCE:

• It is widely cultivated
throughout the Middle east,
north and tropical Africa,
California, Central Asia, the
drier parts of southeast Asia,
and parts of the
Mediterranean Basin.

• In recent years, it has become

more common in the
commercial markets of Europe
and the Western Hemisphere.
 Chemical Constituents

 Dihydrofl avonol

 Hydroxybenzoic acid

 Anthocyanidins

Glucose, ascorbic acid,

Fatty acids, minerals and

ions are also present.

 USES:

The juice of fresh leaves and young

Pomegranate is given in dysentery.

The powdered bark is given for expelling

roundworms.

Ripe fruit is tonic, laxative and enriches the

blood.

Pomegranate increases the appetite.

HERBS FOR HEPATITIS
Barberry
Henna

Presented by: Rehan Rustam

Roll no: 06331913041
HEPATITIS:

Introduction:
 Hepatitis is a broad term that means inflammation of liver. It is most commonly
caused by viruses but also be caused by drugs(alcohol), chemicals, auto-
immune diseases and metabolic abnormalities.

Types of Hepatitis:

  Five types of hepatitis have been identified: Hepatitis A, B, C, D , E. Hepatitis

A is always an acute, short-term disease, while hepatitis B, C, and D are most
likely to become ongoing and chronic. Hepatitis E is usually acute but can be
particularly dangerous in pregnant women.
 Barberry:

Biological Source:
Barberry consist of root and bark of
Berberis vulgaris belonging to family
Berberidaceae.
Synonyms:common barberry, European
barberry or simply barberry
Geographic Source:
 It is found in Europe, Africa and
western Asia,North America and Canada.
 Chemical Constituents:
. The chief constituent of Barberry
bark is Berberine, a yellow
crystalline, bitter alkaloid, one of
the few that occurs in plants
belonging to several different
natural orders. It also contains
berberine as well as little tannin,
wax, resin, fat, albumin, gum and
starch.
Berberine
How Berberis vulgaris benefit for liver:

 The antioxidants, as well as anti-inflammatory

effects of the phenolic compounds present in
berberis vulgaris demonstrate its hepatoprotective
role.

 They also helpful in decreasing liver

transaminases, cholesterol, triglyceride, and
weight which showes the effectiveness of berberis
vulgaris.
Medicinal Uses:

 Given for jaundice, gallstones and digestive problems with

liver involvement following drug or alcohol abuse.

 It is used against the parasitic diseases like malaria. In

Chinese medicine, it is prescribed for dysentery and
diarrhoea.

 It play a role in treating acne, a skin condition

characterized by inflamed bumps and pimples.

 Other Uses: Barberries are highly nutritious. They are rich

in carbs, fiber, and several vitamins and minerals .
Henna:

Biological Source:
Henna is obtained from dried leaves of
Lawsonia inermis belonging to the family-
Lythraceae.
Common name: Henna , Mehndi
Geographic Source:
The Henna plant is native to northern 
Africa, and northern Australia, and
tropical areas.It produces the most dye
when grown in temperatures between 35
and 45 °C
Chemical Constituents:

 Main chemical components are lawsone which is also known as

Hennotanic acid,esculetin, fraxetin. It is red-orange dye present in the

leaves of the Henna plant. Henna contains sugars, various phenolic
glycosides, tannins like gallic acids, resins and coumarins.

Esculetin
Lawsone Fraxetin
How Lawsonia inermis benefit for liver:

 Lawsonia inermis L. contains 

gallic acid and lawsone. Gallic acid
improves hyperglycemia by reducing
resistance to hepatic insulin by
suppressing hepatic inflammation
while lawsone considerably decreases  

blood glucose levels.It act by

inhibition of reactive oxygen
species and lipid peroxidation
Medicinal Properties:

 L. inermis are responsible for its analgesic, anti-

inflammatory, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic
properties.

 The plant has also been reported for antibacterial,

antifungal, immunostimulatory, antioxidant and
cytotoxic activity.

 Other Uses:It is also used as a colouring agent for

skin and hairs
HERBS FOR Hepatitis
Picrorhiza
RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Presented by: Aiman Arshad

Roll no: 06331913045
 Picrorhiza

Biological Source:
It consists of dried rhizome of Picrorhiza
kurroa Royle ex Benth., cut into small
pieces and freed from attached root-lets,
belonging to family Scrophulariaceae.
Synonyms:
Kami; Kuru (Hindi); Katvee.
Geographic Source:
The plant is common on the alpine
Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim
between 3,000 and 5,000 m.
 Chemical Constituents:
. The active constituent of picrorhiza is picrorhizin, a glucoside which yields
picrorhizetin and dextrose on hydrolysis. It also contains kutkin, a glucosidal
bitter principle, picroside-I, picroside-II, picroside-III, D-mannitol, vanilic acid,
kurrin, kutkiol, kutkisterol, apocynin, arvenin III, phenolic glycosides picein and
androsin and seven cucurbitacin glycoside.
Uses:

 Picrorhiza is bitter, cathartic, stomachic, used in fever and dyspepsia and in

purgative preparations.

 It is reputed as an antiperiodic and cholagogue, febrifuge and antimalarial.

 Different types of jaundice are cured with Picrorhiza.

 It removes kidney stone, used as emmenagogue, emetic, abortifacient, antidote

for dog bite; externally it is used in skin diseases and improves eyesight.

 It is a valuable bitter tonic almost as efficacious as Gentian.

 It is laxative in small doses and cathartic in large doses.

RESPIRATORY DISEASES:

 A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the
respiratory system. Respiratory diseases may be caused by
infection, by smoking tobacco, or by breathing in secondhand
tobacco smoke, radon, asbestos, or other forms of air
pollution. Respiratory diseases include asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis,
pneumonia, and lung cancer. Also called lung disorder and
pulmonary disease.
Respiratory diseases
Herbal Drugs for
Respiratory Diseases
Peepul tree
Malabar nut
Presented by: Abdul
Wasay
Roll no: 06331913046
Peepul Tree

 Botanical Name : Ficus

religosa

 Common name : bodhi

tree, pippala tree, peepul
tree, peepal tree 

 Family : Moraceae

 Part used: Leaves , Bark

Constituents
 Bark contains a powerful CNS stimulant
and hypoglycaemic constituent,
phytosterolin. Leaves contain proteins and
amino acids. Fruits contain sugars and
flavonoids. The reported phytoconstituents
of stem bark of F. religiosa Linn. are
phenols, tannins, steroids, alkaloids,
flavonoid, β-sitosteryl-d-glucoside, vitamin
K, noctacosanol, lanosterol, stigmasterol,
lupen-3-one. The most abundant flavonoid
present in Ficus religiosa is quercetin .
Medicinal Uses

 The dried fruit, pulverized and taken in

water for a fortnight removes asthma.
The ripe fruit is cooling and
alexipharmac; good for burning
sensation, foul taste, thirst, biliousness
and diseases of the heart.
Malabar nut
 Botanical Name : Adhatoda
vasica

 Common name : Adusa

 Family: Acanthaceae

 Plant Parts Used: leaves, roots,

flowers and stem bark
Constituents

 Vasicine , alkaloids l-vasicinone.

 Deoxyvasicine , maiontone,
vasicinolone and vasicinol
Medicinal uses
 The leaves, roots and flowers of Adhatoda were used extensively in
traditional Indian medicine for thousands of years to treat respiratory
disorders such as asthma , bronchitis, tuberculosis and other lung and
bronchiole disorders. A decoction of the leaves may be used as an
herbal treatment for cough and other symptoms of colds.

 The soothing action helps irritation in the throat and the expectorant
will help loosen phlegm deposits in the airway which makes adhatoda
a good remedy for sore throat.