Data Analysis

Data Analysis

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• Data analysis is the process of converting collected
(raw) data into usable information.

• Data analysis involves:

• looking for pattern or trends in the data
• relationships between different types of data
• assessing performance against plans and targets
• making conclusions
• anticipating problems and identifying solutions
Data Analysis

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• Methods of Data Analysis
• Quantitative methods
• Use of descriptive statistics, Simple and multiple regression analysis
• Qualitative analysis
• Analysis of “before and after” data
• Analysis of “with and without” data
• baseline and endline study
• Analysis of output indicators
• Used for project/programme monitoring to determine whether activities
are occurring according to schedule and budget.
• Done on a regular basis (e.g. weekly, monthly and quarterly) to identify
any variances or deviations from targets.
• Analysis of outcome indicators
• Used to determine intermediate and long-term impacts or changes.
• Done less frequently.
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Visual Representation Of Data
• Convert raw data into a data array.
• Construct:
• a frequency distribution.
• a histogram
• a bar chart
• a line graph
• a pie chart
• a pictogram
• Scatter diagram
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 Bar Graph
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A Bar Graph (also called Bar Chart) is a graphical display of data

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using bars of different heights.
 Line Graph
• Line graphs compare two variables plotted along X and Y axis.
They are good at
• Showing specific values of data.
• Show trends in data clearly.
• Enable the viewer to make predictions.

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 Scatterplot or Scatter Diagram
•A scatter diagram is a two-dimensional plot of data representing
values of two quantitative variables.
• x, the independent variable, on the horizontal axis
• y, the dependent variable, on the vertical axis

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Other Methods for Analyzing Data
• Trend Analysis
• Regression method
• Risk Analysis
• An analysis or assessment of factors that affect or are likely to
affect the achievement of results
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Planned versus actual (temporal) comparison: variance is
the difference between identified targets and actual results.
•  Demographic comparison, such as data separated by
gender, age or ethnicity
•  Geographical comparison, such as data described by
neighbourhood, or urban versus rural 9
 6. Excel applications

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 THANK YOU
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