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FOR HEALTH EMERGENCIES

Steps in First Aid:

Emergency Action Principle

Standard First Aid

(SFA)
04/10/23 1
 Objective
At the end of this session, the participants
should be able to enumerate the Steps in
First Aid with emphasis on:

•Scene Size-up
•Activate Medical Assistance
•Primary Assessment
•Secondary Assessment

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Steps in First Aid:
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE

• Scene Size-up

• Activate Medical Assistance

• Primary Assessment

• Secondary Assessment

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Scene Size-up
SCENE SAFETY
 Don’t engage if it is unsafe.
 Secure the scene.

KNOW WHAT HAPPENED

 Mechanism of injury
 Nature of illness

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Scene Size-up
PROTECT YOURSELF/WELL-BEING
Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to
prevent possible transmission of diseases.

NUMBER OF CASUALTY

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Activate Medical Assistance

Call for HELP:

 National Emergency Hotline 911
 Local Emergency Hotline of your Municipality

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Activate Medical Assistance
CALL FIRST CARE FIRST
• Adults and Adolescents with
• Adults and Adolescents likely asphyxial arrest (e.g.
• Witnessed collapse of drowning)
children and infants • Unwitnessed collapse of children
and infants
• If you are ALONE with no 1) Give 2 minutes (5 cycles) of CPR
mobile phone, leave the
victim to activate 2) Leave the victim to activate
emergency response system emergency response system and
and get AED/emergency get the AED
equipment before beginning
CPR 3) Return to the child or infant and
• Otherwise, send someone resume CPR; use the AED as soon
and begin CPR immediately; as it is available
use the AED as soon as it is
Standard First Aid (SFA)
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 Primary Assessment
Goal: To identify and initiate treatment of
immediate or potential life threats.
• Responsiveness

• Airway

• Breathing

• Circulation
Standard First Aid (SFA)
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 Responsiveness

• Awake/Alert

• Verbal, responsive to verbal stimuli

• Pain, responsive to pain stimuli

• Unresponsive

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Airway

• Able to speak / cry

• Note quality of speaking / crying

• Ensure that airway is open

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Breathing
• Check for signs of breathing (within 10 seconds!)

• See the chest rise and fall

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Circulation
• Skin - color: reddish? whitish? bluish?
- temp: cold? clammy? hot? sweaty?
very dry?

• Pulse – For responsive victim, check for

peripheral pulses

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Secondary Assessment
Thorough assessment of victim’s condition.

• History Taking
• Physical Examination

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Secondary Assessment
 History Taking

Interview the victim/relative/bystander:

Chief Complaint
SAMPLE

Pain Assessment
OPQRST

Other important information

Standard First Aid (SFA)
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 Secondary Assessment
 Physical Examination

Identify specific signs of illness or injuries.

• Head and neck
• Shoulders, chest and back
• Arms and hands
• Abdomen
• Hips
• Legs and feet

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Objective
Were we able to meet the objectives?

Scene Size-up
Activate Medical Assistance
Primary Assessment
Secondary Assessment

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 Questions?

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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 References:

• Emergency Care and Transportation of the

Sick and Injured, 10th Edition, Chapter 8,
Patient Assessment
• Standard First Aid, Facilitato’rs Manual
• EMC CPR and Safety Training

Standard First Aid (SFA)

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