PLATFORM

TECHNOLOGIE
S
LESSON 1- ELEC4
PLATFORM TECHNOLOGIES
 is any pre-existing hardware environment,
a piece of software that is designed to run
within it, and any associated facilities used
with it.

 A platform is any base of technologies on

which other technologies or processes are
built
 What it contains?
Typical platforms may
include
01 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

02 OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

03 RUNTIME LIBRARIES

“It could be the combination of all or at least one of it”

EXAMPLES
● Probably the most familiar platform is
Microsoft Windows running on the x86
architecture.

● Macintosh, custom Apple Computer

hardware and Mac OS operating system,
now migrated to x86.

● Android is an operating system based on

the Linux kernel
 01
HARDWARE
ARCHITECTURE
HARWARE ARCHITECTURE is a
• A set of disciplines that describes a
computer system by specifying its parts
and their relations provides physical
environment.
• HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE Types
- Commodity computing platforms
- Video game consoles
- RISC
- Midrange computers
- Mainframe computers
- Supercomputer
SOFTWARE FRAMEWORKS is
• An abstraction in which software
providing generic functionality can be
selectively changed by additional user-
written code.
• It is an universal, reusable software
platform to develop software
applications, products and solutions.
EXAMPLES
• The Java platform is a virtual machine
platform which runs on many operating
systems and hardware types.
 02
OPERATING
SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEM is
• A collection of software that manages
computer hardware resources and
provides common services for computer
programs.
• The operating system is an essential
component of the system software in a
computer system.
• Application programs usually require an
operating system to function.
EXAMPLES
OPERATING SYSTEM
• The most important program that runs
on your computer. It manages all other
programs on the machine.
• Every PC has to have one to run other
applications or programs. It’s the first
thing “loaded”.
• In simple terms, an operating system is
a manager. It manages all the available
resources on a computer, fr
OPERATING SYSTEM
• An OS is a program that acts an
intermediary between the user of a
computer and computer hardware.
• Major cost of general purpose
computing is software.
– OS simplifies and manages the complexity of
running application programs efficiently.
What does an Operating System do?
“An OS is Similar to a government”
Coordinator
 Manages all resources
 Settles conflicting requests for resources
 Prevent errors and improper use of the computers

Facilitator
 Provides facilities that everyone needs
 Standard Libraries, Windows systems
 Make application programming easier, faster
TASKS
Tasks the operating system must perform:

1. Control Hardware
The operating system controls all the parts of the
computer and attempts to get everything working
together.
2. Run Applications
Another job the OS does is run application
software. This would include word processors, web
browsers, games, etc...

3. Manage Data and Files

The OS makes it easy for you to organize your
computer. Through the OS you are able to do a
number of things to data, including copy, move,
delete, and rename it. This makes it much easier to
find and organize what you have.
 EXAMPLES
6
Static View of System Components
Dynamic View of System Components
 FOUR TYPE OF OS
•Generally, there are four types, based on the
type of computer they control and the sort of
applications they support.
–Single-user, single task
–Multi-user, multi-task
–Real Time Operating Systems
–Single-user, Multi-tasking
Bootstrap process
• The operating system, based on the above definitions, provides
supports for other programs. For example, it is responsible for
loading other programs into memory for execution. However, the
operating system itself is a program that needs to be loaded into the
memory and be run. How is this dilemma solved?

• The solution is a two-stage process. A very small section of memory

is made of ROM and holds a small program called the bootstrap
program. When the computer is turned on, the CPU counter is set
to the first instruction of this bootstrap program and executes the
instructions in this program. When loading is done, the program
counter is set to the first instruction of the operating system in RAM.
• 10
Bootstrap process
Evolution
•Batch systems
–Batch operating systems were designed in the
1950s to control mainframe computers.
–At that time, computers were large machines that used
punched cards for input, line printers for output and
tape drives for secondary storage media.
–Each program to be executed was called a job. A
programmer who wished to execute a job sends a
request to the operating system.
Evolution
•Time-sharing systems
–To use computer system resources efficiently,
multiprogramming was introduced. The idea is to hold several
jobs in memory at a time, and only assign a resource to a job
that needs it on the condition that the resource is available.
–Multiprogramming brought the idea of time sharing: resources
could be shared between different jobs, with each job being
allocated a portion of time to use a resource. Because a
computer is much faster than a human, time sharing is hidden
from the user—each user has the impression that the whole
system is serving them exclusively
Evolution
•Personal systems
– When personal computers were introduced, there was
a need for an operating system for this new type of
computer. During this era, single-user operating
systems such as DOS (Disk Operating System) were
introduced.
Evolution
•Real-time systems
– A real-time system is expected to do a task
within a specific time constraint. They are
used with real- time applications, which
monitor, respond to or control external
processes or environments.
UNIX
•UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be written, in
1971.
•Advantages of UNIX are…
–Multitasking: multiple programs can run at one time.
–Multi-user: allows more than a single user to work at any given
time. This is accomplished by sharing processing time between
each user.
–Safe: prevents one program from accessing memory or
storage space allocated to another program, and enables file
protection, requiring users to have permission to perform
certain functions, such as accessing a directory, file, or disk
drive.