Intellectual

Revolutions that
define society
African Civilization
 AFRICAN CIVILIZATION

⬗ African Civilization is considered the oldest civilization on the

earth. The African intellectual revolution is known as the first
societal intellectual revolution. African development has
vastly contributed to the early knowledge used by
humankind.

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 Chemistry

⬗ The early use of chemistry dates back to the ancient

civilization of Egypt. The Egyptians figured out the use of fire
in extracting copper from their ores. Through chemistry, they
also found a way to create synthetic pigment using crushed
minerals as their material.

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 METALLURGY

⬗ The earliest ironworking site so far was discovered in

Carthage, North Africa. Archeological expeditions found iron
production that dates around the middle of the 8 th century
BCE. The ever-growing production and trade of forged metal
started the iron age in the ancient world.

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 ENGINEERING

⬗ African developed a unique architectural development. The

stone architecture in Zimbabwe is the largest stone structure
South of the Sahara and was constructed somewhere in the
11th century. One of the feats of these structures is they are
not constructed with use of the mortar which is popular at
that time. They also developed the use of Cubit
measurement.

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 Astronomy

⬗ Dogon people of Mali understand the details of the system of

Sirius. They figured out that Sirius is a binary star system
composed of two-star, Sirius A and Sirius B. The Dogon
people are also aware of the orbit system of the two stars,
and they based their rituals on it.

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 Advancement in modern science

⬗ Africa’s intellectual revolutions are considered as the base of

knowledge in modern science. Many fundamentals are
derived from the knowledge of ancient civilization in Africa.
This intellectual revolution helps humankind to advance and
developed their lives. It is also used in solving complex
problems that hinder human civilization towards
development.

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 Controversies met the revolution

⬗ There are many factors that affects the progress of

intellectual revolution in Africa. Political, Social and Economic
issues may prevent the development of Africa.

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 Thank you!

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