SHRI SHANKARACHARYA

COLLEGE OF NURSING
INDEPTH STUDY ON:
OPERTION THEATRE TECHNIQUE

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY:

MADAM MRS. CHANDRAMANI MS. SNEHA SMRITI DAS
 OPERATION THEATRE TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the
second third most common site of health care
associated infections (HAIs). These
complications of surgical procedures cause
considerable morbidity and, when these occur
deep at the site of the procedure, can carry
mortality as high as 77%.
 DEFINITION:

KEEPING THE OPERATING ROOM READY &

AVAILABLE FOR CARRYING OUT SURGICAL
PROCEDURES.
 PHYSICAL FACILITY:

Surgical procedures were not always

performed within the confines of a formal
hospital setting. The room waste fumigated
with sulphor dioxide for 12 hours if time
allowed. The windows and doors were sealed
, shut & surface were scrapped with 5%
carbolic acid or hot soda solution.
 ENVIRONMENT OF O.T. TECHNIQUES:

The design of the operation theatre should

provide optimum facilities with minimum
inconvenience in the management of
different area. It should permit prevention
of infection & provide a safe & comfortable
environment for the patient & personnel.
 STRUCTURE OF O.T.

The walls should be hard.

The floor should have a smooth surface.
Shelves should be avoided.
Adequate air conditioning should be
provided.
All electrical connections should be earthed.
 ANAESTHESIA ROOM:

Equipment for induction of anesthesia &

connections of central oxygen, nitrous oxide
& suction are available in this room. The
room should be pleasantly decorated to help
the patient relax prior to premedication.
 STERLIZER ROOM:

A sterilizer room should be built

adjacent the operation theatre with a
window connecting the two.
Equipments should be passed between
the rooms without repeatedly opening
doors.
 STORE ROOM:

Cylinders of oxygen & nitrous oxide

additional equipment, infusion fluid
bags, syringes. needles., drugs & sharp
instruments are kept in this room.
 CHNAGING ROOM:

A room is provided for the theatre

personnel to change into the operation
theatre clothes from their street
clothes. Footwear is also provided in
this room.
CHANGING ROOM:
 SCRUB ROOM:
The surgeon & nurse
scrub in this room prior
to wearing sterile gowns
& donning sterile gloves
for operation. This room
opens into the operation
theatre.
 LOCATION:

The surgical suite is usually located in

an area accessible to the critical care
surgical patient, area & the supporting
services department, the central service
or sterile processing department, the
pathology department & the radiology
department.
SPACE ALLOCATION & TRAFFIC PATTERN:

Space is located within the surgical suite to

provide for the work to be done, with
consideration given to the efficiency with
which it can be accomplished.
All persons staff patient and visitors should
follow the delineated patterns in appropriate
attire & environmental controls required.
 UNRESTRICTED AREA:
Street clothes are permitted. A
corridor on the periphery
accommodates traffic from
outside including patients. This
area is isolated by doors from the
main hospital corridor or elevators
& from other area of the surgical
suite.
 SEMIRESTRICTED AREA:

Traffic is limited to properly

attired authorized personnel. Scrub
suits & head covering are required
attire. This area includes peripheral
support areas.
 RESTRICTED AREA:

Mask are required to

supplement or attire
where open sterile
supplies or scrubbed
personnel are located.
Sterile procedures are
carried out in the
operation theatre.
 CONTROL OF INFECTION:

 Many factors affected the rate of infection ,

such as the degree of contamination of the
theatre environment , the type and duration
of the operation ,the skill of operating
surgeon , the patient’s condition. Strict
adherence to the following theatre technique
is important in controlling infections .
 THEATRE DRESS

All personnel
entering the
operation theatre
should change into
clean , freshly
laundered cotton
trouser suites , and
clean shoes or
slippers .
 SCRUBBING:

 The hands forearms need

to be thoroughly washed
and disinfected prior to
surgery . This essential in
view of the possibility that
the glove may tear during
the operation , and bacteria
may contaminate the
operative field .
 PERFORMING MASKING & GOWNING:

DEFINITION:

This procedure is wearing of a mask &

specially stitched gown in the operation
theatre to maintain asepsis & to protect
the nurse from contaminating herself &
others around her.
 CONT…………

PURPOSE:
To prevent dispersal of droplets from
wearer to environment.
To prevent contamination of sterile field.
To enhance easy handling of sterile
equipment.
 PROCEDURE:

Hold it by top two strings keeping top edge above

bridge of nose.
Tie both top strings at back of head above ear.
Tie two lower strings snugly around neck well under
the chin.
Gently pinch upper portion of mask around bridge of
nose.
MASKING:
 PROCEDURE

• Hold the gown at shoulder level .

• Extend the arms .
• circulating nurse pulls back the gown .
• The waste ties are loosened by the scrub nurse .
GLOWING:
 PERFORMING STERILE GLOVING:

Definition:

Gloving is defined as the donning of a pair of

sterile gloves to protect ones own hands
from pathogenic micro organisms & to avoid
contamination of sterile area by hand.
 
 CONT…..

PURPOSE:

To protect the nurse from pathogenic

microorganisms.

To handle sterile articles without

contaminating.
 PROCEDURE

circulating nurse remove the outer glove .

Grasp inner package & lay it on clean .
With thumb & first two finger of non- dominant
hand .
gloved dominant hand , slip in fingers under the cluff
of other glove .
Carefully slip the glove .
interlock fingers to fit the gloves .
PROCEDURE:
 REMOVAL OF MASK, GLOVES & GOWN:

Gown:
1.Untie strings at the back of the gown . Remove gown
folding inside out to cover outside of gown.

2.Dispose gown into designated receptacle.

 CONT………

GOWN:

1.Untie strings at the back of the gown .

Remove gown folding inside out to cover
outside of gown.

2.Dispose gown into designated receptacle.

 CONT…………..

GLOVES:
1.Remove the first glove.
2.Pull the first glove completely off.
3.Continue to hold the inverted removed glove by the
fingers of remaining gloved hand.
4.Using bare hand continue to remove the second
glove.
5. Wash hands.
 PRACTICE TO PREVENT SSI:

Placing only sterile items within the sterile field.

Opening, dispensing, or transfering sterile items
without contaminating them.
Considering items located below the level of the
draped client to be unsterile.
 Not allowing steril personnel to reach across
unsterile areas or to touch unsterile items.
 NURSING IN THEATRE:

A patient needs nursing care

throughout his stay in the
hospital. The role of a nurse
is to understand the process
of illness & to contribute
skillfully to the patients
recovery .
 ASSESSMENT:

 The patient is visited

preoperatively to collect data
on which the subsequent
nursing care Is based. The
patient’s condition & ward
care are discussed with the
ward sister.
 IMPLEMENTATION:

The nursing care plan is

used a reference record for
delivery of care. It ensures
uniformity & safety. It
affords the nursing staff an
opportunity to educate the
patient & relieve the
anxiety & stress.
 EVALUATION:

The nursing actions are evaluated to see if

the objectives have been met . A post
operative visit determines the success of the
plan. If the evaluation suggests that all the
objectives have been not achieved , the cause
of failure are sought.
THANKS