Ex.

No:
HEART LUNG MACHINE

AIM
To study the operating principle of Heart Lung Machine using Demo model.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

S. No. Apparatus Quantity

1 Oxygenator 1
2 Venous Reservoir 1
3 Heart Pump 1
4 Water pump 1
5 Connection Tubes Required
6 Heater 1
7 Mains Cord 2

THEORY

The heart-lung machine is a pumping device that makes it possible to take over the functions
of the lungs and heart primarily during an open-heart surgery. It can be used during a
cardiothoracic surgery, and most commonly used to perform a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
CPB is often used during heart surgeries, due to the difficulty in operating on a beating heart. The
surgeon can operate in a blood-free area, which is easier and can allow for more precision
and less complications.

The heart-lung machine basically consists of a pump (to replace the heart) and an oxygenator
(to replace the lungs). Acting as a mechanical heart and lungs, it keeps oxygen –rich blood flowing
throughout the body after the patient’s heart has been carefully stopped. In a process called
perfusion, the machine receives the patient’s blood, removes the carbon dioxide and adds oxygen,
warms (or cools) the blood and pumps it back through the body. Cooling the blood, in turn, lowers
body temperature. This helps protect the body’s organs while the heart-lung machine is in use. After
the surgery is completed, the heart is restarted, the heart-lung machine is stopped and the machine
is disconnected from the patient.

The heart-lung machine can perform other tasks. For examples, it can directly deliver
medications into the recirculated blood. It can also minimize blood loss by vacuuming up and
recirculating any blood that may get into surgical field.

PROCEDURE
1. Attach the given accessories to the stand/ board as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Connect the tubes from the patient (container) to the reservoir inlet and outlet from the
reservoir to the oxygenator.
 3. Connect the tubes from the outlet of oxygenator to the roller pump in such a way that the
roller should compress the tube. Ensure the clip position in the inlet and outlet tube of roller
pump.
4. Connect the outlet of roller pump to the patient through bubble leak detector.
5. Water container connected to the oxygenator through water pump and heater-sensor unit.
The outlet from the oxygenator connected back to the container.
6. Fill the water in both containers till there is no bubble in the tubing.
7. Switch on the water pump and adjust speed of water pump using speed control at back side
of the pump and switch on heater.
8. Switch on roller pump i.e. Blood pump and press menu to adjust the rotation such as 72 rpm
in display.
9. Adjust the alarm settings for temperature and speed of roller pump in the unit.
10. Observe the circulation of fluid in the circuit and monitor the alarm for temperature, pump
speed and bubbles.
RESULT
Block Diagram of HEART LUNG MACHINE