CHAPTER 1: THE

COMPUTER SYSTEM
SSK10203 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ASSEMBLY
1.0 THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

 1.1 Explain the computer functions and interconnections.

 1.2 Describe the concept of cache memory.
 1.3 Identify Input / Output in computer system.
1.1 EXPLAIN THE COMPUTER FUNCTIONS AND
INTERCONNECTIONS.

 1.1.1 Define computer architecture and computer organization.

 1.1.2 Describe the concept of interconnection within a computer system:
 1.1.2.1 Interconnection structures
 1.1.2.2 Bus interconnection
 a. Data bus (Data line)
 b. Address Bus (Address Line)
 c. Control Bus (Control Line)
1.1.1 Define computer architecture and computer organization.
 1.1.1 Define computer architecture and computer organization.

 Computer Architecture Computer Architecture is a

blueprint for design and implementation of a
computer system. It provides the functional details
and behaviour of a computer system and comes
before computer organization. Computer
architecture deals with 'What to do?'
 Computer Organization Computer Organization is
how operational parts of a computer system are
linked together. It implements the provided
computer architecture. Computer organization deals
with 'How to do?'
1.1.1 Define computer architecture and computer organization.
1.1.2 Describe the concept of interconnection within a computer
system:

 1.1.2.1 Interconnection structures

 1.1.2.2 Bus interconnection
 a. Data bus (Data line)
 b. Address Bus (Address Line)
 c. Control Bus (Control Line)
1.1.2.1 Interconnection structures

Buses – Data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another,

connecting all major internal components to the CPU and memory, by
the means of Buses
1.1.2.2 Bus interconnection

 Data Bus: It carries data among the memory unit, the I/O devices, and the
processor.
 Address Bus: It carries the address of data (not the actual data) between memory
and processor.
 Control Bus: It carries control commands from the CPU (and status signals from
other devices) in order to control and coordinate all the activities within the
computer.
1.0 THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

 1.1 Explain the computer functions and interconnections.

 1.2 Describe the concept of cache memory.
 1.3 Identify Input / Output in computer system.
1.2. DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF CACHE
MEMORY.
 1.2.1 Define cache memory.
 1.2.2 Identify the types of cache memory: Level 1 cache
memory, Level 2 cache memory, Level 3 cache memory.
 1.2.1 Define cache memory.

 Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is high-speed SRAM that a computer microprocessor can
access more quickly than it can access regular RAM as it sits between main memory and the CPU
registers.
1.2.2 Identify the types of cache memory:
1.0 THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

 1.1 Explain the computer functions and interconnections.

 1.2 Describe the concept of cache memory.
 1.3 Identify Input / Output in computer system.
1.3. IDENTIFY INPUT / OUTPUT IN
COMPUTER SYSTEM.
 1.3.1 Define I/O module.
 1.3.2 Picture the I/O module diagram.
 1.3.3 List I/O devices.
 1.3.4 Describe the I/O interface modules.
1.3.1 Define I/O module.

 I/O module stands for Input/Output module, which is a device that acts as the connective
bridge between a computer system at one end and an I/O or peripheral device of some kind
at the other, such as a printer, webcam or scanner.
1.3.2 Picture the I/O module diagram.
I/O module diagram
• Module connects to the computer through a set of signal lines – system bus
• Data transferred to and from the module are buffered with data registers
• Status provided through status registers – may also act as control registers
• Module logic interacts with processor via a set of control signal lines
• Processor uses control signal lines to issue commands to the I/O module
• Module must recognize and generate addresses for devices it controls
• Module contains logic for device interfaces to the devices it controls
• I/O module functions allow the processor to view devices is a simple-minded way
• I/O module may hide device details from the processor so the processor only
functions in terms of simple read and write operations – timing, formats, etc…
• I/O module may leave much of the work of controlling a device visible to the
processor
1.3.3 List I/O devices.
1.3.4 Describe the I/O interface modules.
1.0 THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

 1.1 Explain the computer functions and interconnections.

 1.2 Describe the concept of cache memory.
 1.3 Identify Input / Output in computer system.
SUMMARY

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit
Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines