ARKA EDUCATIONAL & CULTURAL TRUST ( REGD.

)
JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
“A DEEP LEARNING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL
NETWORK IN HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENT”

Presented By: Seminar Guide:

Vasiha Fathima R (4JD19CS059) Mrs. H.S Saraswathi
8th sem , CS & E dept Asst prof
Jain Institute of Technology Dept of CSE,JIT
Davanagere Davangere
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Architecture
4. Methodology
5. Applications
6. Benefits and Limitations
7. Conclusion
8. References
 INTRODUCTION
Most modern Deep Learning models are based on artificial neural networks, specifically CNNs. A convolutional
neural network is a class of deep neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery. They have
applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation,
medical image analysis, natural language processing, brain-computer interfaces, and financial time series.

CNN is very useful as it minimises human effort by automatically detecting the features. For example, for apples
and mangoes, it would automatically detect the distinct features of each class on its own.

The term ‘Convolution” in CNN denotes the mathematical function of convolution which is a special kind of
linear operation wherein two functions are multiplied to produce a third function which expresses how the shape
of one function is modified by the other. In simple terms, two images which can be represented as matrices are
multiplied to give an output that is used to extract features from the image
 Fig : Representation of a convolutional neural network

This is a representation of a convolutional neural network, where an image is used as an input and the result is
category detection. CNN layers process the input and pass its result to the next layer which is similar to the
response of a neuron in the visual cortex to a specific stimulus.
 
Examples of CNN in use :
CNNs can be used in many different applications. To name a few; realistic face generation, super resolution, style
transfer, and black and white to color pictures. It can also be used within digital solutions to enable greater
personalisation and prediction features.
 RELATED WORK
Serial no. Authors Description

1. Hinton G , They provide a generic structure that can be used in

Ranzato M many image and signal processing tasks. Benchmark
results on standard image datasets like CNN do

2. D. R. Sarvamangala, To identify the various challenges in medical image

Raghavendra V. Kulkarni understanding.

3. Giancarlo Fortino A CNN learning model for knowledge discovery of

regular correlated health-related factors to reveal
regular co-occurring disease and symptoms
relationships.
4. Mohammad Mehedi Hassan The system efficiently solves the problem of
insufficient data availability through the use of MRI
images, by learning tumor regions from MR images
and classifying this.
 ARCHITECTURE
There are two main parts to a CNN architecture

• A convolution tool that separates and identifies the various features of the image for analysis in a process called
as Feature Extraction.

• The network of feature extraction consists of many pairs of convolutional or pooling layers.

• A fully connected layer that utilizes the output from the convolution process and predicts the class of the image
based on the features extracted in previous stages.

• This CNN model of feature extraction aims to reduce the number of features present in a dataset. It creates new
features which summarises the existing features contained in an original set of features. There are many CNN
layers as shown in the CNN architecture diagram.
2.Pooling Layer

In most cases, a Convolutional Layer is followed by a Pooling Layer. The primary aim of this
layer is to decrease the size of the convolved feature map to reduce the computational costs. This
is performed by decreasing the connections between layers and independently operates on each
feature map. Depending upon method used, there are several types of Pooling operations. It
basically summarises the features generated by a convolution layer.
This CNN model generalises the features extracted by the convolution layer, and helps the
networks to recognise the features independently. With the help of this, the computations are also
reduced in a network.

3.Fully Connected Layer

The Fully Connected (FC) layer consists of the weights and biases along with the neurons and is
used to connect the neurons between two different layers. These layers are usually placed before
the output layer and form the last few layers of a CNN Architecture.
In this, the input image from the previous layers are flattened and fed to the FC layer. The
flattened vector then undergoes few more FC layers where the mathematical functions operations
usually take place. In this stage, the classification process begins to take place. The reason two
layers are connected is that two fully connected layers will perform better than a single connected
layer. These layers in CNN reduce the human supervision
4.Dropout

Dropout results in improving the performance of a machine learning model as it

prevents overfitting by making the network simpler. It drops neurons from the neural
networks during training.

5.Activation Functions

Finally, one of the most important parameters of the CNN model is the activation
function. They are used to learn and approximate any kind of continuous and
complex relationship between variables of the network. In simple words, it decides
which information of the model should fire in the forward direction and which ones
should not at the end of the network.
 METHODOLOGY
Image Dataset Disease
Detection

Data Annotation Performance

Verification
Train the
Network
Data
Augmentation Disease
Training using
Test the Training
Network based Parameters
Annotated Data on trained data
and
Make Disease Detection
prediction on (Deep Learning)
the test data

Fig : A deep learning CNN in health care environment

 Convolutional Neural Networks used for :

Here are some of the common applications of convolutional neural networks:

Semantic segmentation: Researchers have used convolutional neural networks to improve semantic
segmentation models by incorporating rich information.
Object detection: Convolutional neural networks are used in self-driving cars as well as facial recognition
systems for object detection.
Image captioning: Convolutional neural networks are used to caption and describe images, making it easier for
visually impaired people to understand what the images are trying to convey. It is even used heavily by YouTube.
Voice synthesis: Google Assistant’s voice synthesizer uses Deepmind’s WaveNet ConvNet model.
Astrophysics: they are used to make sense of radio telescope data and predict the probable visual image to
represent that data.
Convolutional neural networks have even found applications to some extent in population genetic inference as
well as in disease identification. They are also used for the purpose of fraud detection.
The future of CNNs :
Ever since the breakthrough of CNN in 2012, the evolution in Deep Learning techniques has accelerated
exponentially, ranging from image classification models used by self driven vehicles to text generation models
like GPT-3 that produces human-like texts. For that reason we can expect that Deep Learning tools will continue
evolving in the next 5 to 10 years to a point this kind technology will be widely democratised and become a
standard tool for every person, having an ubiquitous presence in our daily lives.
 BENEFITS OF CNN
The benefits of using CNNs over other traditional neural networks in the computer vision environment
are listed as follows:
1.The main reason to consider CNN is the weight sharing feature, which reduces the number of trainable
network parameters and in turn helps the network to enhance generalization and to avoid overfitting.
2.Concurrently learning the feature extraction layers and the classification layer causes the model output
to be both highly organized and highly reliant on the extracted features.
3.Large-scale network implementation is much easier with CNN than with other neural networks.
4.CNNs do not require human supervision for the task of identifying important features.
5.CNNs are very accurate at image recognition and classification.
6.Convolutional neural networks also minimize computation in comparison with a regular neural
network.
7.CNNs make use of the same knowledge across all image locations.
 LIMITATIONS OF CNN :

1.CNNs have a hard time classifying images with different positions.

2.A lot of training data is needed for the CNN to be effective.
3.CNNs tend to be much slower because of operations like maxpool.
4.In case the convolutional neural network is made up of multiple layers, the training process could take a
particularly long time if the computer does not have a good GPU.
5.Convolutional neural networks will recognize the image as clusters of pixels which are arranged in
distinct patterns. They don’t understand them as components present in the image.
6.They fail to encode the position and orientation of objects.
7.Difficulty in dealing with variance in data presented.
 CONCLUSION

The most important layer in CNN is convolution layer Which takes most of the time within the network.
Network performance also depends on the number of levels within the network. But in the other hand as the
number of levels increases the time required to train and test the network. Today the CNN consider as power
full tool within machine learning for a lot of application such as face detection and image , video
recognitions and voice recognition. CNN is the best artificial neural network, it is used for modeling image
but it is not limited to just modeling of the image but out of many of its applications. There are many
improvised versions based on CNN architecture like AlexNet, VGG, YOLO, and many more
 REFERENCES
1. Sajjad M, Khan S, Muhammad K, Wu W, Ullah A, Baik SW (2019) Multi-grade brain tumor
classifcation using deep CNN with extensive data augmentation. J Comput Sci 30:174–182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2018.12.003

2. . Hasan MK, Alam MA, Elahi MTE, Roy S, Wahid SR (2020) CVR-NET: a deep convolutional neural
network for coronavirus recognition from chest radiography images

3. Received: 25 March 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 November 2020 / Published
online: 3 January 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of
Springer Nature 2021

4. Chowdhury NK, Rahman MM, Kabir MA (2020) Pdcovidnet: a parallel-dilated convolutional neural
network architecture for detecting COVID-19 from chest X-ray images
THANK
YOU…!