INVERTER 3 PHASE

Forced Commutation

Dr. Heri Suryoatmojo, ST,MT.

Department of Electrical Engineering
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS)
Surabaya
 DC-to-AC Converter (Inverter)

 Mengubah dari tegangan

DC menjadi AC
 Aplikasi: power supply,
UPS (uninterruptible
power supply), electric
drive, active filter, power
factor correction dsb.

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 2

 Tegangan Inverter

 Tegangan DC input:
– DC murni (tidak ada ripple)
 Tegangan AC output:
– Square wave
– Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM)
– Sinusoidal

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 3

 Sistem Pemadaman Switch

 Line Commutation:
– Switch devices: thyristor
bridge 3 phasa diset 90o
– Padam karena teg. line
 Forced Commutation:
– Switch devices: keluarga
Transistor (BJT, IGBT etc),
thyristor dengan rangkaian
pemadaman
– Padam karena dipaksa
 Resonant:
– Switch devices: thyristor
– Padam karena beban berupa
komponen resonansi
Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 4
 Line Commutation

 Switching devices: 6
thyristor
 Sumber DC berupa
battery, PV panel dll.
 Sudut penyalaan diset
>90o
 Berfungsi sebagai current
controlled inverter

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 5

 Forced Commutation

 Switching 3-Phase
Inverters:
1. Square wave 180o
Conduction
2. Square wave 120o
Conduction
3. PWM switching
 180o Conduction – setiap
switch mengalami
konduksi selama 180o
 120o Conduction – setiap
switch mengalami
konduksi selama 120o

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 6

 (1) 180o Conduction

• Masing-masing
switch konduksi 180o
• Terdapat 3 switch
yang konduksi
bersama-sama
1 2 3 4 5 6
Q1  2
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 7
 Delta Load Connection

A
 Period 1:

R R • Q1 on, Ph A=+Vdc,VAB=+Vdc
• Q5 on, Ph C=+Vdc,VBC=-Vdc
• Q6 on, Ph B=:-Vdc,VCA= 0
B R
 Period 2:
• Q1 on, Ph. A=+Vdc,VAB=+Vdc
C • Q2 on, Ph C=-Vdc,VCA=-Vdc
• Q6 on, Ph B=-Vdc,VBC=0
 Period 3:
• Q1 on, Ph A=+Vdc, VAB=0
• Q2 on, Ph C=-Vdc, VBC= +Vdc
• Q3 on, Ph B=+Vdc, VCA=-Vdc

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 8

 Line Voltage

VAB

VBC

VCA

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 9

 Star Load Connection

2Vdc/3
Vdc/3  Period 1:
• VAN=Vdc/3
• VBN=-2Vdc/3
• VCN=Vdc/3
 Period 2:
• VAN=2Vdc/3
A • VBN=-Vdc/3
• VCN=-Vdc/3
 Period 3:
N
• VAN=Vdc/3
• VBN=Vdc/3
• VCN=-2Vdc/3
B
C
Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 10
 Voltages of 180o Conduction

Voltage line-to-line:


 4Vdc n  
VRS (t )    n
n 1, 3, 5... 
cos 
6 
sin n(t 
6
)


4Vdc n
VRMS _ LL   cos
n 1, 3, 5... n 2 6

RMS Voltage line-to-neutral:

VRMS  LL
VRMS  LN 
3
Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 11
 (2) 120o Conduction

• Masing-masing switch
konduksi selama 120o
• Terdapat 2 switch yang
konduksi bersama-sama

1 2 3 4 5 6
Q1  2
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 12
 (2) 120o Conduction

A
½Vdc VAN

VBN N

-½Vdc
VCN

B
C

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 13

 Voltages of 120o Conduction

Voltage line-to-neutral:

 2Vdc n  
VAN (t )    n
n 1, 3, 5... 
cos 
6 
sin n(t 
6
)


2Vdc n
VRMS _ LN   cos
n 1, 3, 5... n 2 6

RMS Voltage line-to-line:

VRMS  LL  VRMS  LN 3

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 14

 (3) SPWM Switching

 Generating PWM signal is

similar to the single-phase
 Requires one triangle
signal and three-phase
sinusoidal reference

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 15

 PWM Waveform

Inverter 3-Phase Forced Comm, Dr. M.Ashari-T.Elektro ITS 16