10/4/2022

S-Parameters
• What is the meaning of the S-parameter
• Why S-Parameter for microwave
• How to measure the scattering parameter
• Properties of the S-parameter

farok1993@gmail.com 1
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

On port network Analysis

The circuit that have one source
The current following in the two nodes are equal and in opposite
direction. The current entering the one terminal leaves through the
other terminal so that the net current entering the port equal zero.
‫مصدر واحد لتغذية الدائرة‬

farok1993@gmail.com 2
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

Two port network Analysis

Low an medium frequency
Is a network with two separate ports for input and output thus , a two
port network has two terminal Paris acting as access point.
‫مصدرين لتغذية الدائرة‬

‫ يكون مجهول (يتكون من‬block ‫عادة هذا ال‬

‫مجموعة من المقاومات والمتسعات ومربوطة‬
)‫بطريقة معينة لتادية غرض معين‬
farok1993@gmail.com 3
Farooq taha
 ‫‪10/4/2022‬‬

‫‪Low frequency network Analysis‬‬

‫•‬ ‫)ا((لتحكم( ب(((ا((لتيار(‪Impedance parameter (Z) parameter‬‬
‫•‬ ‫)ا((لتحكم( ب(((ا((لف(ولتية(‪Admittance Parameter (Y) parameter‬‬
‫•‬ ‫))ا((لتحكم( منخال(لا((لف(ولتية وا((لتيار ‪Hybrid (H)parameter‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪ABC Parameter‬‬
‫الغاية االساسية ايجاد عالقة بين ال ‪ input‬وال ‪ output‬من خالل‬
‫تبسيط الدوائر المعقدة لتسهيل عملية التحليل ‪.‬‬
‫الشرط االساسي لجميع الطرق هو ان تكون العالقة خطية ‪linear‬‬
‫‪farok1993@gmail.com‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Farooq taha‬‬
 10/4/2022

The value of parameter can be evaluated by setting I1=0(input port open

circuit) or I2 =0 output port equal zero
farok1993@gmail.com 5
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

Z ‫ هي ال‬reflected ‫ وال‬incident ‫اذا العالقة بين ال‬

farok1993@gmail.com 6
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

S-Parameters
The scattering matrix provides a complete description of the network

Analysis off microwave network at high frequency ?

Why s-parameter?

1-Equipment is not readily available to measure total voltage and total current at the ports of
the network.

2. Short and open circuits are difficult to achieve over a broad band of frequencies. So it’s
difficult to measure voltage and current.

3. Active devices, such as power transistors and tunnel diodes, frequently will not have
stability for a short or open circuit.
farok1993@gmail.com 7
Farooq taha
 ‫‪10/4/2022‬‬

‫‪S-parameter for block circuit‬‬

‫• لمعرفة خواص اية دائرة تعمل ب ‪ high frequency‬نسلط مجموعة من الترددات ونالحظ بعض‬
‫العوامل المؤثرة على االشارة مثال االنعكاس والطور ومقدار البور و‪.....‬‬

‫‪farok1993@gmail.com‬‬
‫‪Farooq taha‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪What’s Behavior of this box‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
 10/4/2022

farok1993@gmail.com 9
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

 Scattering parameter is the ratio between two signal

 Scattering parameter are complex (they have
magnitude and angle) because both the magnitude
and phase of the input signal are changed by the
network.
how much gain (or loss) you get
How much the signal phase shifted

farok1993@gmail.com 10
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

S-parameter property
Symmetry
‫التناظر هو القطر الرئيسي‬

This means that S12=S21 inter changing the input and

output port does not change the transmission properties .
‫العناصر في القطر الرئيسي‬

Parameter along the leading diagonal S11,S22 of the S-matrix

refer to as reflection coefficient if the load is matched.
They refer to the reflection occurring at one port only and this
value equal to zero if the connected was matched
farok1993@gmail.com 11
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

Unity property
• For passive loss less N-port network the sum of product of each
element in row or Colum of the matrix with it is complex conjugate
equal unity .
• S11×S11*+S12×S12*+S13×S13*=1
• Lossless network means the power entering the network will be
equal the power leaving the network.
• ‫مصفوفة الوحدة وهي ان جميع العناصر ماعدا القطر الرئيسي هي صفر‬

farok1993@gmail.com 12
Farooq taha
 10/4/2022

Zero property
• The sum of product of each term at any row or Colum multiplied by
the complex conjugate corresponding terms of any row or colum is
zero .
• S11×S12*+S21×S22*+S31×S32*=0

farok1993@gmail.com 13
Farooq taha
 S-Parameter for Phase shifter
Assume two port matched and insertion loss infinite

[ ]
𝝅
− 𝑱
0 𝒆 2

𝑺= − 𝑱
𝝅
2
𝒆 0
farok1993@gmail.com 14
Farooq taha
 S-Parameter for 3-port circulator

Assume three port matched and insertion loss infinite

farok1993@gmail.com 15
Farooq taha