ORAL

COMMUNICATI
ON
IN CONTEXT
Q2W3
 Learning Competency
Use principles of effective speech writing
focusing on audience profile
(EN11/12OC-IIcj24)
Use principles of effective speech writing focusing
on logical organization, duration, and word choice
(EN11/12OC-IIcj24)
“Writing an effective speech
follows specific steps or
processes. “
“Writing an effective speech
follows specific steps or
processes. “

The figure below is a schematic diagram of the writing

process.
Audience Analysis
 Audience Analysis

the process of gathering information about the

people in your audience so that
you can understand their needs, expectations,
beliefs, values, attitudes, and reasonable opinions.
It involves
looking into the profile of your target audience.
 Audience Analysis

It includes consideration of demographic

information, such as the gender, age
range, marital status, race, and ethnicity of the
people in your audience.
Tailoring a Speech to Demographic
Characteristics

Do’s and Don’ts

 Age

Stay away from jargon from one age range or another,

like “OMG” or
“the cat’s pajamas” (Gamble & Gamble, 2013).
 Sex/Gender

Use words that are not sex/gender-specific. Instead of policeman,

fireman, and stewardess, use police officer, firefighter, and flight
attendant. Do not use one sex/gender pronouns, like assuming a
teacher is a “she” and a dentist is a “he” (Eisenberg & Wynn, 2013)
 Income

Some people in your audience will have more money than others, so if
you keep fit by maintaining membership in a prominent gym and take
classes there, do not assume everyone else can afford to do so. You
can tell your audience what you do, but give them options like parking
far from the store and working out with a yoga or Pilates CD at home.
 Occupation

Unless you speak at a convention where everyone in your

audience
works in the same field, make your speech more
explanatory.
 Religion

Realize that your audience will likely have a wide variety

of religions
represented, and some people may have no religious or
spiritual
beliefs.
 Education

Even if you speak to an audience of college freshmen, not

everyone
has had the same educational experiences.
Logical Organization
Aside from audience analysis, it is also vital for learners to know
the different text structures
used in writing their speech.

Here some of the writing patterns that can be used for their
speech.
 Description

This is straightforward. This describes something. With

few exceptions, these texts also
present plenty of details about what they are telling.
 Sequence

This writing pattern covers a few purposes, including

sequential instructions and
chronological events.
 Cause/Effect

Cause/Effect writing patterns explain the causes and

effects of a phenomenon. This structure
can become problematic when an effect has multiple
causes (or vice versa).
 Compare/Contrast

This writing pattern involves a comparison involving

multiple things, revealing how they are
similar and how they are different.
 Problem/Solution

This writing pattern identifies a problem and provides a solution to

the issue.
Problem/Solution can be a very complex text structure, as it
necessitates the use of other structures, too.
Duration
No matter how long the speech is, always divide it into five
parts: an introduction, the body (paragraph 2, paragraph 3, and
paragraph 4) and a conclusion. This format is adaptable to a
speech of almost any length. By doing this, you can actually
monitor the time and length of your speech or the so-called
Duration. Most experts say that the ideal length of speech is up to
20 minutes. (Gray-Grant, 2017).
 Introduction: 2 minutes (250 words)
Body: Point 1: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 2: 5 minutes (625 words)
Point 3: 5 minutes (625 words)
Conclusion: 3 minutes (375 words)
Total word count: 2,500 words (20 minutes)
Word Choice
 Things that you should consider in choosing your words.

(Tandoc, 2016)
a. Jargons or technical terms specific only for a group of people
b. Redundancy or excessive repetition of words
c. Language inappropriate for the audience
d. Language inappropriate for the occasion

*Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group which are
difficult for others to understand.
 Jargons are specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group
which are difficult for others to understand.

For example, the word idiopathic (which means unknown cause)

and hyperventilate (rapid breathing) are jargons because they are
technical terms in medical fields. The word affidavit (sworn)
and circumstantial (specific details) are heard commonly in legal
aspect or terms in in the field of Law.
Grammatical
Correctness
Correct grammar is important to prevent misunderstanding and
misinterpretation between the speaker and the audience. Good
command of the language helps listeners understand the
speaker quickly.

Grammar inconsistencies slow down the communication process

and generate negative impressions for the audience, as the
ideas and thoughts are not clear and coherently conveyed.
__________