March 19, 2022

Health Disorder Empowerment 1400H - 1500H

Course– objective - for Via Zoom
Fundamentals laypeople to have an
and understanding of the
Generalities in FUNDAMENTALS
Medical and GENERALITIES in
Management the MEDICAL
of MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS DISORDERS.
Health Disorder Empowerment
Course– objective - for ROJoson PEP Talk
Fundamentals laypeople to have an
and understanding of the I have a Patient
Generalities in FUNDAMENTALS Empowerment
Medical Program in which I
and GENERALITIES in
Management like to empower the
the MEDICAL lay people or
of MANAGEMENT of patients to take
ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL control in the
DISORDERS DISORDERS. management of
(Overview) their health.
 There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.
Health Disorder Empowerment My PEP TALK today
Course– objective - for is entitled:
Fundamentals laypeople to have an Fundamentals and
and Generalities in
understanding of the
Generalities in Medical
FUNDAMENTALS
Management of
Medical and GENERALITIES in ABDOMINAL
Management the MEDICAL DISORDERS – An
of MANAGEMENT of OVERVIEW. This is
ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL part of the Health
DISORDERS DISORDERS. Disorder Course.
 Fundamentals Modules of ABDOMINAL DISORDER
and Generalities COURSE
in Medical • Abdominal Disorders - Overview
Management of • Abdominal Pain
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Mass
DISORDERS • Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
• Gallbladder Disorder
• Hemorrhoids
• Abdominal Hernia
 Fundamentals Contents of ABDOMINAL DISORDERS
and Generalities [OVERVIEW]
in Medical • What is an abdominal disorder?
Management of • What are the different types of abdominal
ABDOMINAL disorders?
DISORDERS • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
• How common are the abdominal disorders?
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal disorders?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
disorders?
 Definition of Terms in Title AND Delimitation of
Fundamentals
Coverage of Talk:
and Generalities
in Medical
Fundamentals – simplest and essential facts and
Management of
theories which can serve as a basis or foundation
ABDOMINAL
and support for advanced information
DISORDERS
Generalities – general statements of info, not
covering specifics and details

Medical Management – diagnosis and treatment

by physicians
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities First, the meaning of DISORDER.
in Medical
Management of DISORDER is a definite disruption to regular
ABDOMINAL bodily structure and function but the specific
DISORDERS cause is not yet determined. 

Once identified, the specific cause is called

the DISEASE.  
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Second, the meaning of ABDOMEN.
in Medical
Management of ABDOMEN is the belly.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS It has the abdominal wall and within it, is the
abdominal cavity, or body space.
The belly or abdomen is below the thorax (chest).
The diaphragm forms the upper surface of the
abdominal cavity. It serves as the boundary
between the abdominal cavity and the chest
cavity.
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Second, the meaning of ABDOMEN.
in Medical
Management of ABDOMEN is the belly.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS In the abdominal cavity are various organs such as
the liver, gallbladder, stomach, small and large
intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, urinary
bladder, uterus, ovaries, etc.
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities ABDOMINAL DISORDER is a DISORDER OF THE
in Medical ABDOMEN.
Management of
ABDOMINAL - definite disruption to regular bodily structure
DISORDERS and function of the belly (inclusive of the
abdominal wall and the organs inside the
abdominal cavity)
- but the specific cause is NOT yet determined.
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Thus, an ABDOMINAL DISORDER is a DISORDER of
in Medical the:
Management of • Abdominal wall
ABDOMINAL • Organs and tissues within the abdominal cavity
DISORDERS • Liver
• Gallbladder
• Stomach
• Small and large intestines
• Spleen
• Pancreas
• Kidney
• Uterus / ovaries
 • What is an abdominal disorder?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Once the specific cause of the ABDOMINAL
in Medical DISORDER is identified, then a diagnosis of a
Management of DISEASE is given:
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal wall – e.g. Hernia, soft tissue sarcoma
DISORDERS • Liver – e.g. Hepatoma, cirrhosis
• Gallbladder – e.g. Gallbladder stones
• Stomach –e.g. Gastric ulcer, gastric cancer
• Small and large intestines – e.g. Enteritis, cancer
• Spleen – e.g. Hematological splenomegaly, cancer
• Pancreas – e.g. Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer
• Kidney – e.g. Kidney stones, cancer
• Uterus / ovaries – e.g. Myoma, ovarian cancer
 • What are the different types of abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • What are the different types of abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical • Abdominal Pain
Management of • Abdominal Mass
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Obstruction
DISORDERS • Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice

DISORDERS with VARIOUS SPECIFIC CAUSES!

 • What are the different types of abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical • Abdominal Pain – SAKIT NG TIYAN
Management of • Abdominal Mass – BUKOL SA TIYAN
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Obstruction – BARADO SA BITUKA
DISORDERS O TUBO SA TIYAN
• Abdominal Bleeding – DUGO SA O GALING SA
TIYAN
• Jaundice – PANINILAW NG MATA NA
APEKTADO ANG ATAY

DISORDERS with VARIOUS SPECIFIC CAUSES!

 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES – PAIN FROM
Management of TRAUMA
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain (SAKIT
DISORDERS NG TIYAN) NON-TRAUMA
• Abdominal Mass • Abdominal MASS – different subcauses
• Abdominal Obstruction • Abdominal OBSTRUCTION different
• Abdominal Bleeding subcauses
• Jaundice • Abdominal BLEEDING – different
subcauses
• JAUNDICE – different subcauses
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS
Management of
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass
(BUKOL SA TIYAN)
• Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Abdominal MASS – originating from the
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain belly (abdominal WALL and ORGANS /
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass TISSUES within abdominal CAVITY)
(BUKOL SA TIYAN)
• Abdominal Obstruction • Cancers
• Abdominal Bleeding • Non-cancers
• Jaundice • Abscess
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the abdominal cavity that
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain channel fluid or foods can be obstructed.
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction Examples:
(BARADO SA BITUKA O • Stomach
TUBO SA TIYAN) • Small intestines
• Abdominal Bleeding • Large intestines
• Jaundice • Hepatobiliary tree or duct
• Ureters
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain abdominal cavity that
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass channel fluid or foods
• Abdominal Obstruction can be obstructed.
(BARADO SA BITUKA O
TUBO SA TIYAN) Examples:
• Abdominal Bleeding • Stomach
• Jaundice • Small intestines
• Large intestines
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain abdominal cavity
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass that channel fluid
• Abdominal Obstruction or foods can be
(BARADO SA BITUKA O obstructed.
TUBO SA TIYAN)
• Abdominal Bleeding Examples:
• Jaundice • Hepatobiliary
tree
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain abdominal cavity
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass that channel fluid
• Abdominal Obstruction or foods can be
(BARADO SA BITUKA O obstructed.
TUBO SA TIYAN)
• Abdominal Bleeding Examples:
• Jaundice • Ureters
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the abdominal cavity that
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain channel fluid or foods can be obstructed.
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass Abdominal obstruction can be caused by:
• Abdominal Obstruction • Cancers
(BARADO SA BITUKA O • Non-cancers
TUBO SA TIYAN) • Benign tumors
• Abdominal Bleeding • Adhesions
• Jaundice • Intussusception
• Abscess
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS
Management of CAUSES
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain Any tubes in the abdominal cavity
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass that channel fluid or foods can be
• Abdominal Obstruction obstructed.
(BARADO SA BITUKA O Abdominal obstruction can be caused
TUBO SA TIYAN) by:
• Abdominal Bleeding • Cancers
• Jaundice • Non-cancers
• Benign tumors
• Tumors
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the abdominal cavity that
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain channel fluid or foods can be obstructed.
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass Abdominal obstruction can be caused by:
• Abdominal Obstruction • Cancers
(BARADO SA BITUKA O • Non-cancers
TUBO SA TIYAN)
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice • Benign tumors
• Adhesions
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Any tubes in the abdominal cavity that
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain channel fluid or foods can be obstructed.
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass Abdominal obstruction can be caused by:
• Abdominal Obstruction • Cancers
(BARADO SA BITUKA O • Non-cancers
TUBO SA TIYAN) • Benign tumors
• Abdominal Bleeding • Adhesions
• Jaundice • Intussusception
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Abdominal BLEEDING – originating from
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain the belly (abdominal WALL and ORGANS /
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass TISSUES within abdominal CAVITY)
• Abdominal Obstruction • TRAUMA
• Abdominal Bleeding • NON-TRAUMA
(DUGO SA O GALING SA • Cancers
TIYAN) • Non-cancers
• Jaundice • Benign tumors
• Ulcers / Hemorrhoids
• Infections
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Gastrointestinal BLEEDING – originating
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain from GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT in the
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass abdomen
• Abdominal Obstruction • Upper GI Bleeding (upper part – usually
• Abdominal Bleeding stomach and duodenum)
(DUGO SA O GALING SA • Lower GI Bleeding (lower part – rectum,
TIYAN) colon, ileum, jejunum)
• Jaundice
 • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS CAUSES
Management of Jaundice – different causes
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass • Liver disease
• Abdominal Obstruction • Biliary tree disease
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice (PANINILAW • Cancers
NG MATA NA • Non-cancer tumors
APEKTADO ANG ATAY) • Cirrhosis
• Stones
 • How common are the abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • How common are the abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
• Abdominal Pain – most common
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
• Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction
•
Common
Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical Start with identifying the DISORDER based on
DISORDER
Management of symptoms and signs.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • Abdominal Pain SPECIFIC CAUSE
• Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical Then look for cues for a SPECIFIC CAUSE or DISORDER
Management of DISEASE causing the DISORDER.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS Use PATTERN RECOGNITION of a particular SPECIFIC CAUSE
disease and PREVALENCE process in those with
similar presentation of symptoms and signs.
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical
Management of BASIC EVALUATION METHODS:
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical Basic data needed in
Management of BASIC EVALUATION METHODS: HISTORY:
ABDOMINAL • When initial
DISORDERS • HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS symptoms noted
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS • Subsequent
course
• Associated
symptoms
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical Basic data needed in
Management of BASIC EVALUATION METHODS: EXAMINATION:
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • HISTORY TAKING – TO GET SYMPTOMS LOOK and PALPATE
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION – TO GET SIGNS • Look for bulge
• Look for
distention
• Palpate for mass
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS • Palpate for
tenderness
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical BASIC EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN:
Management of LOOK AND PALPATE
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • LOOK for unusual bulge that may suggest mass.
• LOOK for abdominal distention that may
suggest intestinal obstruction, mass or fluid.
• PALPATE for possible presence of mass.
• PALPATE for presence of tenderness (pain on
pressure) – if present, location and severity.
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical BASIC EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN:
Management of LOOK AND PALPATE
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • LOOK for unusual bulge that may suggest mass.
• LOOK for abdominal distention that may
suggest intestinal obstruction, mass or fluid.
• PALPATE for possible presence of mass.
• PALPATE for presence of tenderness (pain on
pressure) – if present, location and severity.
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical BASIC EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN:
Management of LOOK AND PALPATE
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • LOOK for unusual bulge that may suggest mass.
• LOOK for abdominal distention that may
suggest intestinal obstruction, mass or fluid.
• PALPATE for possible presence of mass.
• PALPATE for presence of tenderness (pain on
pressure) – if present, location and severity.
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical BASIC EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN:
Management of LOOK AND PALPATE
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • LOOK for unusual bulge that may suggest mass.
• LOOK for abdominal distention that may
suggest intestinal obstruction, mass or fluid.
• PALPATE for possible presence of mass.
• PALPATE for presence of tenderness (pain on
pressure) – if present, location and severity.
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical ABDOMINAL PAIN – use LOCATION to suspect the
Management of possible organ of concern.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical ABDOMINAL PAIN – ask and use NATURE OF PAIN
Management of to suspect the possible organ of concern –
ABDOMINAL whether HOLLOW OR SOLID ORGANS are
DISORDERS involved.

CRAMPY abdominal pain – usually hollow organ

involvement like gallbladder, stomach, intestines,
etc.

NOT CRAMPY – usually solid organs or peritonitis

(inflammation of the lining of abdomen)
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical ABDOMINAL MASS – use LOCATION to suspect
Management of the possible organ of concern.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical GASTROINTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION –
Management of CUES: abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal
ABDOMINAL distention, and no bowel movement
DISORDERS
• Palpate for a MASS as a possible cause and
location of obstruction
• If no MASS, consider adhesions in patients
with history of abdominal operation
• Use color of vomitus as cues for site of
obstruction – not yellow/green = stomach level
and up; yellow/green = below the stomach
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING –
Management of CUES: vomiting of frank blood; passage of frank
ABDOMINAL blood per anus; black stools per anus
DISORDERS
• Palpate for a MASS as a possible cause
• If no mass, use the color of vomitus and stools
as cues:
• Upper GI Bleeding – vomiting of frank
blood; black stools per anus
• Lower GI Bleeding – passage of frank blood
per anus
 • Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
Fundamentals
and Generalities TIPS:
in Medical JAUNDICE
Management of CUE: yellowing of the eyes (the white part)
ABDOMINAL • Palpate for a MASS in the LIVER as a possible
DISORDERS cause.
• If no mass, look for symptoms suggestive of
hepatitis, gallbladder disease (with stones in
the biliary passage) or pancreatic disease.
 • Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
Fundamentals
abdominal disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
Fundamentals
abdominal disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical Common instrumental and laboratory diagnostic
Management of procedures for ABDOMINAL DISORDER:
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • Imaging procedures (x-rays – plain / with
barium dye; ultrasound; CT scan; MRI; PET
scan; etc.)
• Endoscopy (upper - esophagogastroscopy /
lower – colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy,
proctoscopy)
• Blood tests (CBC; liver function tests; hepatitis
profile; tumor markers; etc.)
 • Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
Fundamentals
abdominal disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
Competencies required of physicians managing
Management of
abdominal disorders:
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS • Know the uses and indications of all known
instrumental and laboratory diagnostic
procedures for abdominal disorders.
• Use as needed and indicated.
• Select the most cost-effective one using the
BRCA process.
• Know how to interpret the results.
 • Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
Fundamentals
abdominal disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
BRCA Process in selecting diagnostic procedures
Management of
ABDOMINAL Procedures Benefit Risk Cost Availability
DISORDERS (goal – to
be more
definite on
the
diagnosis)

Option1        
Option2        
Option3        
 • Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
Management of
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 • Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS SPECIFIC DISEASE SURGICAL / NON-SURGICAL*
Management of
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal Obstruction
• Abdominal Bleeding
• Jaundice
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no intervention)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed
 • Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical DISORDERS SPECIFIC DISEASE SURGICAL / NON-SURGICAL*
Management of Examples of Surgical Abdomen
ABDOMINAL • Abdominal Pain PERITONITIS
DISORDERS • Abdominal Mass OPERABLE CANCER
• Abdominal Obstruction OBSTRUCTION BY TUMOR
• Abdominal Bleeding TUMOR BLEEDING
• Jaundice OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE -STONE
• Surgical – outright surgical
• Non-surgical – non-surgical at all times (no intervention)
• Potentially surgical – surgical only when needed
 • Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
Fundamentals
disorders?
and Generalities
in Medical
BRCA Process in selecting cost-effective treatment
Management of
modality.
ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS
 Fundamentals Contents of ABDOMINAL DISORDERS
and Generalities [OVERVIEW]
in Medical • What is an abdominal disorder?
Management of • What are the different types of abdominal Summary
ABDOMINAL disorders? Take Away
DISORDERS • What are the causes of abdominal disorders?
• How common are the abdominal disorders?
• Clinical diagnosis of abdominal disorders?
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
abdominal disorders?
• Basic treatment modalities for abdominal
disorders?
 Fundamentals Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
and Generalities information on fundamentals and relation to
in Medical generalities in medical management of Patient
Management of ABDOMINAL DISORDERS.
ABDOMINAL
Empowerment
DISORDERS Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS.
 March 19, 2022
Health Disorder Empowerment 1400H - 1500H
Course– objective - for Via Zoom
Fundamentals laypeople to have an
and understanding of the
Generalities in FUNDAMENTALS
Medical and GENERALITIES in
Management the MEDICAL
of MANAGEMENT of
ABDOMINAL ABDOMINAL
DISORDERS DISORDERS.