September 24, 2022

1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

Health Empowerment
Disorder objective - for
Course – laypeople to have an
HEPATITIS understanding of the
- Fundamentals fundamentals and
& Generalities generalities of
in HEPATITIS in their
Management health management.
 ROJoson PEP Talk
Health Empowerment
Disorder objective - for I have a Patient
Course – laypeople to have an Empowerment
HEPATITIS understanding of the Program in which I
- Fundamentals fundamentals and like to empower the
& Generalities generalities of lay people or
patients to take
in HEPATITIS in their
control in the
Management health management. management of
their health.
 There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.
 My PEP TALK today is
entitled:
Health Empowerment
Disorder objective - for
Course – laypeople to have an HEPATITIS –
HEPATITIS understanding of the Fundamentals &
- Fundamentals fundamentals and Generalities in
& Generalities generalities of Management.
in HEPATITIS in their
Management health management. This is part of the
Health Disorder
Course.
 HEPATITIS Definitions of Terms in Title:
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
Fundamentals – the basic principles;
In Management the foundation; the basis

Generalities – majority; not all; not

detailed; not specific

Management - medical management

 Contents of HEPATITIS – Fundamentals &
HEPATITIS
Generalities in Management
– • What is HEPATITIS?
Fundamentals • What are the different types of HEPATITIS?
and Generalities • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
In Management • What are the symptoms of HEPATITIS? ACUTE /
CHRONIC? How to diagnose HEPATITIS? ACUTE /
CHRONIC?
• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of
ACUTE / CHRONIC HEPATITIS?
• What are the differences among Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B
and Hepatitis C?
• What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B? preventive
measures? Usual diagnostic tests? Treatment? https://hsp.org.ph/
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice resources-for-patients-
on HEPATITIS? overview/
 • What is HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What is HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– Hepatitis is a general term used to describe
Fundamentals inflammation of the liver.
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the different types of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the different types of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– Hepatitis can be ACUTE or CHRONIC.
Fundamentals
and Generalities ACUTE – that which occurs suddenly and then
In Management goes away
If the period of inflammation lasts for less than
six months with normalization of the liver
function tests CHRONIC HEPATITIS is
more worrisome as
CHRONIC – there is a risk for
If inflammation persists beyond 6 months permanent liver
with derangement of the liver function tests damage (cirrhosis)
and liver cancer.
 • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– • Viruses (viral hepatitis) – MOST COMMON
Fundamentals • Drugs
and Generalities • Alcohol
In Management • Chemicals (such as dry cleaning solvent carbon
tetrachloride and vinyl chloride used to make
plastics)
• Parasites (such as amebic hepatitis)
• Certain genetic disorders
• Overactive immune system that mistakenly
attacks the liver, called autoimmune hepatitis
 • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– VIRAL HEPATITIS – caused by different viruses
Fundamentals
and Generalities • Hepatitis A
In Management • Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis D
• Hepatitis E
• Hepatitis G In the Philippines, the
more common are:
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
 • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS
Fundamentals
and Generalities Drugs when taken in excess or in very high doses
In Management can cause hepatitis:
- Paracetamol
- Vitamins particularly Vitamin A
- Herbal medicines
- Food supplements BEWARE!
 • What are the symptoms of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the symptoms of HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– Not everyone develops symptoms.
Fundamentals
and Generalities ASYMPTOMATIC HEPATITIS (patients with
In Management hepatitis without symptoms)
SYMPTOMATIC HEPATITIS (patients with hepatitis
with symptoms)

Although majority of adults (70%) develop

symptoms, many young children do not.

Adults and children over the age of 5 years are

more likely to have symptoms.
 • What are the symptoms of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the symptoms of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– •Fever Symptoms are non-specific
Fundamentals •Fatigue initially and at times.
and Generalities •Loss of appetite
In Management •Joint pains Flu-like symptoms
•Nausea Dyspepsia-like symptoms
•Vomiting Gastro-like symptoms
•Abdominal pain
•Diarrhea (for HAV only)

•Dark urine (tea-colored urine) Symptoms suggesting

•Clay-colored bowel movements liver involvement
•Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or the eyes) = alert symptoms
 • How to recognize (diagnose) ACUTE HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the strongest cues for suspecting
HEPATITIS
ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Pattern recognition cues for acute hepatitis in
and Generalities general (not the specific cause yet).
In Management
Physical Exam
• Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes) / tea-colored The specific cause can be
suspected based on
urine presence of triggers (like
• Tender liver on palpation drugs, amebiasis, hygienic
practice) and also based
Reinforced by symptoms of fever, increasing on prevalence (what is
fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, the most common at
present in the
abdominal discomfort, etc. community).
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Liver function tests
and Generalities
In Management Hepatitis panel

Ultrasound of the liver

 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Liver function tests
and Generalities Liver function tests are blood tests used to help
In Management diagnose and monitor liver disease or damage.
 INDICATIONS:
•Screen for liver infections, such as hepatitis
•Monitor the progression of a disease, such as
viral or alcoholic hepatitis, and determine how Note: Liver function
well a treatment is working tests are not specific
•Measure the severity of a disease, particularly for hepatitis. They
scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) may be implied only.
•Monitor possible side effects of medications
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Liver function tests
and Generalities Liver function tests measure the levels of certain What tests to order?
In Management enzymes and proteins in your blood.
•Alanine transaminase (ALT) [SGPT] Selective vs all
•Aspartate transaminase (AST) [SGOT] (Panel)
•Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) If cost is the same for
•Albumin and total protein selective vs panel –
•Bilirubin all (panel)
•Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) If not, selective
•L-lactate dehydrogenase (LD) • ALT
•Prothrombin time (PT) • Bilirubin
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Hepatitis Panel or Profile
and Generalities Once hepatitis is strongly suspected, both If one is not
In Management clinically and through liver function tests, one suspecting viral
may order a hepatitis profile. hepatitis, but only
drug-induced or
A hepatitis panel is a group of blood tests that chemical-induced
checks whether one has a viral hepatitis infection hepatitis, there is NO
now or had one in the past. need for hepatitis
panel.
It may also show whether one is immune to
certain types of hepatitis.
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a What tests to order?
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
– Selective vs all
Fundamentals Hepatitis Panel or Profile (Panel)
and Generalities Depends on
In Management • Hepatitis A Panel • Just firming up
• Hepatitis B Panel suspicion of
• Hepatitis C Panel probable virus/es
• All-inclusive Hepatitis Panel (HAV, HBV, HCV) present
• Budget
• Organizational
requirement
(occupation /
travel)
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of ACUTE HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Ultrasound of the Liver
and Generalities
In Management Indications in patients with probable hepatitis
• To screen, diagnose and monitor extent of
scarring of liver (cirrhosis) resulting from
hepatitis
• To rule out other probable diseases in liver

• In chronic hepatitis, to screen, diagnose and

monitor for complications such as cirrhosis and
liver cancer
 • What are the symptoms of CHRONIC
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals • How to recognize (diagnose) CHRONIC
and Generalities HEPATITIS?
In Management
 • What are the symptoms of chronic HEPATITIS?
HEPATITIS
– Most people have no symptoms and feel healthy
Fundamentals for many years.
and Generalities About 15% to 25% develop complications in the
In Management liver, such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. 
In the early stages of liver cirrhosis and liver
cancer, patients may remain to have no
symptoms.
Symptoms thus will be those associated with
cirrhosis and liver cancer.
[Chronic fatigue, jaundice, liver mass if there is
cancer already]
 • What are diagnostic tests to firm up a
HEPATITIS
suspicion of CHRONIC HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals Liver function tests
and Generalities
In Management Hepatitis panel

Ultrasound of the liver

 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Three common types of viral Hepatitis (HAV, HBV,
and Generalities HCV)
In Management
They may have similar symptoms and
manifestations but are caused by three different
viruses (A, B, C).
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Hepatitis A infection is acquired through intake of
and Generalities contaminated food and drink.
In Management
It is self-limiting and usually resolves without
specific treatment.

It is an acute infection (meaning it is newly

acquired) and does not cause people to become
carriers of the virus for a long time. (CHRONIC)

Symptoms usually include diarrhea.

 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Hepatitis A
and Generalities
In Management It has vaccine for prevention/protection. (2 shots
6 months apart).
Once you fully
Estimates for long-term protection for fully recover from
vaccinated people (i.e., full two-dose series) hepatitis A infection,
suggest that protection from hepatitis A virus you develop
infection could last for at least 25 years in adults antibodies,
and at least 14–20 years in children. protecting you for
life.
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals How is Hepatitis A treated?
and Generalities
In Management To treat the symptoms of hepatitis A, doctors
usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition, and
fluids.

Some people with severe symptoms will need

medical care in a hospital.
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C  are infections that
and Generalities can be acquired from infected blood and body
In Management fluids.

They can also begin as acute infections, but in

some, the virus remains in the body causing Hepatitis A – acquired
lifelong infection that may cause complications in through
the liver such as liver cirrhosis (scarring of the contaminated foods
liver) and liver cancer (tumor of the liver). and drinks.
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals In the Philippines, around one in 10 people have
and Generalities chronic hepatitis B and six in 1,000 have chronic
In Management hepatitis C. (WHO – 2019)

Chronic Hepatitis B more common than Chronic

Hepatitis C.
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Vaccines
and Generalities
In Management Hepatitis B can be prevented thru effective and
safe vaccines.

There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.

 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Curability of Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
and Generalities Hepatitis C
In Management
Chronic Hepatitis B – at present cannot be cured.
Medications are being given to slow down
complications.

Chronic Hepatitis C – at present can be cured.

Pills can often be taken for 8-12 weeks and have
cure rate of 95% or greater.
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Medications for Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
and Generalities Hepatitis C
In Management EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE
Chronic Hepatitis B –
Oral Antivirals (Nucleos(t)ide
Analogues)
• Tenofovir disoproxil Immune Modulators
• Tenofovir alafenamide  (Interferons) -injectables
• Pegylated Interferon 
• Entecavir
• Interferon Alpha
• Telbivudine
• Adefovir Dipivoxil
 • What are the differences among Hepatitis A,
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
–
Fundamentals Medications for Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic
and Generalities Hepatitis C
In Management EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE / EXPENSIVE
Chronic Hepatitis C –
direct-acting antivirals (or DAAs)
• Sofosbuvir • Dasabuvir
• Ledipasvir • Elbasvir
• Ombitasvir • Grazoprevir
• Paritaprevir • Velpatasvir
• Rotonavir • Voxilaprevir
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– How common is hepatitis B in the Philippines?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in
In Management the Philippines.
An estimated 7.3 million adult Filipinos (16.7% of
the adult population) are chronically infected
making the country hyperendemic for hepatitis B.

A 2003 survey showed the prevalence of hepatitis

B to be highest in the 20-49 year age group,
which comprise the workforce or those entering
the workforce.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of the liver
Fundamentals caused by the Hepatitis B Virus. 
and Generalities
In Management In the acute (newly-acquired) phase, the
symptoms may be similar to having the flu and
some, but not all, can have jaundice (yellowing of
the eyes and skin).
In some patients, Hepatitis B can become
“chronic”, meaning it can be a long term or life-
long infection.
Persons with chronic hepatitis B infection are at
risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals There's no cure for chronic hepatitis B at present.
and Generalities
In Management The good news is it usually goes away by itself in
4 to 8 weeks. More than 9 out of 10 adults who
get hepatitis B totally recover.
Another good news –
However, about 1 in 20 people who get hepatitis there are effective
B as adults become “carriers,” which means they and safe vaccines
have a chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis B infection. against Hepatitis B.
But it has to be given
before the infection.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Transmission / Exposure
Fundamentals How can one get Hepatitis B?
and Generalities Hepatitis B is spread thru blood, semen, or other
In Management body fluids.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Transmission / Exposure // How can one get Hepatitis B?
Fundamentals A person may acquire the infection thru the following
activities:
and Generalities
•Birth (spread from a hepatitis B positive mother to her
In Management baby)
•Sex with an infected partner
•Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection
equipment with an infected person
•Sharing razors, nail clippers/manicure or pedicure
paraphernalia or toothbrushes with an infected person
•Direct contact with the blood or open wounds of an
infected person
•Exposure to blood from needlesticks or other sharp
instruments
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Who are at risk for hepatitis B?
Fundamentals
and Generalities Since the Philippines is considered a
In Management hyperendemic area for hepatitis B, almost
everyone without the antibody or vaccine can
become infected.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Who are at risk for hepatitis B?
Fundamentals The following people are at greater risk:
•Infants born to infected mothers
and Generalities
•People who have sex with an infected partner
In Management •People who have multiple sex partners
•People who have a sexually transmitted disease
•Men who have sexual contact with other men
•People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, or
other drug equipment
•People who live in the same household with an infected
individual
•Those who work in occupations where they are exposed to
infected blood and body fluids
•Hemodialysis patients
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– How common does chronic or life-long infection
Fundamentals develop in a person infected with hepatitis B?
and Generalities
In Management It depends on the age that one becomes exposed
to or infected. The younger a person is when
infected, the higher the chance that he or she will
have life-long infection with the virus.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– How common does chronic or life-long infection
Fundamentals develop in a person infected with hepatitis B?
and Generalities
In Management •90% of infected infants will develop chronic infection.
•Approximately 25%–50% of children infected between the
1 -5 years of age will develop chronic infection.
•The risk drops to 6%–10% when one is infected over 5
years of age.

In the Philippines and worldwide, most people

with chronic hepatitis B acquire the infection at
birth or during early childhood.
 • What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– How serious is chronic hepatitis B?
Fundamentals It is a serious infection that can result in liver
and Generalities damage, liver failure, liver cancer, and death.
In Management
Liver cancer is the third most common cancer in
the Philippines, affecting over 7,000 new people
each year.

Liver cancer is fatal when diagnosed late and left

untreated, making it the second leading cause of
cancer deaths in the country.
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
– Because of the high rates of hepatitis B infection
Fundamentals in the Philippines, universal vaccination is
and Generalities mandated. 
In Management Hepatitis B vaccination is especially
recommended for:
•All infants, starting with the first dose of the
vaccine within 24 hours of birth
•All children and adolescents younger than 19
years of age who have not been vaccinated
•People whose sexual partners have Hepatitis B
•Sexually active persons who have multiple
partners
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
– Because of the high rates of hepatitis B infection
Fundamentals in the Philippines, universal vaccination is
and Generalities mandated. 
In Management Hepatitis B vaccination is especially
recommended for:
•Persons undergoing treatment for sexually
transmitted diseases
•Men who have sexual contact with other men
•People who share needles, syringes, or other
drug equipment
•People who have close household contact with
someone infected
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
– Because of the high rates of hepatitis B infection
Fundamentals in the Philippines, universal vaccination is
and Generalities mandated. 
In Management Hepatitis B vaccination is especially
recommended for:
•Health care and public safety workers at risk for
exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body
fluids on the job
•People with end-stage renal disease, including
predialysis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and
home dialysis patients
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
– Because of the high rates of hepatitis B infection
Fundamentals in the Philippines, universal vaccination is
and Generalities mandated. 
In Management Hepatitis B vaccination is especially
recommended for:
•Residents and staff of facilities for
developmentally disabled persons
•People with chronic liver disease  (aside from
Hepatitis B)
•People with HIV infection
•Anyone who wishes to be protected from
hepatitis B virus infection
 • Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
HEPATITIS
– For the hepatitis B vaccine:
Fundamentals For long-lasting immunity, three to four doses,
and Generalities depending on which type of vaccine is used.
In Management
• Children should get their first dose at birth and
complete the series by age 6 months. Usually,
the baby would get a second dose at 1 month
old and the third dose at 6 months.
• Catch-up vaccinations are recommended for
children and teens who were never vaccinated
or who did not get all three shots.
 • What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
HEPATITIS
– Tests
Fundamentals How will I know if I have hepatitis B?
and Generalities
In Management A Hepatitis B Panel is done to check if you:
•have acute or chronic infection
•have recovered from infection
•are immune to hepatitis B
•need to be vaccinated
 • What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
HEPATITIS
– What are the common blood tests to diagnose
Fundamentals hepatitis B?
and Generalities TESTS INTERPRETATION
In Management Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) POSITIVE or REACTIVE- A person may have
It is a protein on the surface of the virus. It acute or chronic infection and may
is detected in the blood of individuals who transmit the disease to others.
are infected. NEGATIVE OR NON-REACTIVE- A person is
not infected.

Anti-HBs POSITIVE or REACTIVE

Protective antibody to the Hepatitis B – A person has received successful
Virus vaccination against Hepatitis B
– A person has recovered from the
infection and is protected from future
infection
 • What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
HEPATITIS
– What are the common blood tests to diagnose
Fundamentals hepatitis B?
and Generalities TESTS INTERPRETATION
In Management Anti HBc IgM- (IgM Antibody to POSITIVE or REACTIVE
Hepatitis B Core Antigen) This may mean that a person was infected
within the past 6 months or is having a
flare of chronic hepatitis B

AntiHBcIgG- (IgG Antibody to POSITIVE or REACTIVE

Hepatitis B Core Antigen) This may indicate exposure to the virus
and that a patient either has chronic
Hepatitis B, or has recovered from
Hepatitis B
 • What is the Hepatitis B Panel?
HEPATITIS
– What are the common blood tests to diagnose
Fundamentals hepatitis B?
and Generalities TESTS INTERPRETATION
In Management HBeAg POSITIVE or REACTIVE
This may indicate high levels of the virus in
the blood, which can mean that a person
can easily spread the virus to others.

HBV DNA Indicates the levels of virus in the blood.

This test is used to determine the need for
treatment and to monitor effectiveness or
response to
 • What are the treatment for HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
–
Fundamentals
and Generalities
In Management
 • What are the treatment for HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Treatment
Fundamentals How is ACUTE hepatitis B treated?
and Generalities Treatment is mostly supportive in the form of
In Management rest, adequate nutrition and hydration.
• In some cases, hospitalization is needed
particularly for those who are unable to eat
due to vomiting and lack of appetite.
• Some develop signs of liver failure such as
disorientation, confusion or even coma
needing urgent hospitalization. These patients
may be given antiviral drugs and may need to
be evaluated for a liver transplant.
 • What are the treatment for HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Treatment
Fundamentals How is CHRONIC hepatitis B treated?
and Generalities • There are several drugs available. The choice
In Management depends on several factors. However, not all
patients need to be treated. Patients should be
evaluated by doctors experienced in the
management of hepatitis B.
• People with chronic hepatitis B, even those
without symptoms, need long term monitoring
for the early detection of complications in the
liver such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. 
 • What are the treatment for HEPATITIS B?
HEPATITIS
– Treatment
Fundamentals How can you help keep your liver stay healthy if
and Generalities you have hepatitis B?
In Management
People infected with hepatitis B should have
regular check-ups with their doctors.  Alcohol
intake should be avoided as this can aggravate
liver damage. Infected individuals need to consult
their doctor before taking any medications,
herbal supplements, and over-the-counter
medicines.  Obesity, diabetes and cholesterol
problems need to be managed.
 • What are ROJoson’s advocating statements
HEPATITIS
and advice on HEPATITIS?
–
Fundamentals • Be aware of HEPATITIS.
and Generalities • Know how to recognize HEPATITIS in yourself
In Management and others.
• Beware of HEPATITIS B.
• Be aware of preventive measures against
HEPATITIS A, HEPATITIS B, and HEPATITIS C.
• All newborns should have Hepatitis B
vaccination.
• If you are a high-risk for HEPATITIS B, go for
screening HEP B Panel and then have HEP B
vaccination as indicated.
 Contents of HEPATITIS – Fundamentals & Summary
HEPATITIS
Generalities in Management
– • What is HEPATITIS?
Take Away
Fundamentals • What are the different types of HEPATITIS?
and Generalities • What are the different causes of HEPATITIS?
In Management • What are the symptoms of HEPATITIS? ACUTE /
CHRONIC? How to diagnose HEPATITIS? ACUTE /
CHRONIC?
• What are diagnostic tests to firm up a suspicion of
ACUTE / CHRONIC HEPATITIS?
• What are the differences among Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B
and Hepatitis C?
• What are the concerns with HEPATITIS B? preventive
measures? Usual diagnostic tests? Treatment?
• What are ROJoson’s advocating statements and advice
on HEPATITIS?
 HEPATITIS Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
– information on HEPATITIS. relation to
Fundamentals Patient
and Generalities Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Empowerment
In Management Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management of oneself by
knowing the fundamentals and
generalities of HEPATITIS in their health
management.
 Health Empowerment
Disorder objective - for
Course – laypeople to have an
HEPATITIS understanding of the
- Fundamentals fundamentals and
& Generalities generalities of
in HEPATITIS in their
Management health management.