Empowerment

Cancer Course
objective - for
–
laypeople to have an
Fundamentals
understanding of the
and
FUNDAMENTALS
Generalities in
and GENERALITIES in
Medical
the MEDICAL
Management
MANAGEMENT of
of Cancer
CANCER.
 October 30, 2021
Empowerment 1400H - 1500H
Cancer Course Via Zoom
objective - for
–
laypeople to have an
Fundamentals
understanding of the
and
FUNDAMENTALS
Generalities in
and GENERALITIES in
Medical
the MEDICAL
Management
MANAGEMENT of
of Cancer
CANCER.
 Empowerment ROJoson PEP Talk
Cancer Course
objective - for
– I have a Patient
laypeople to have an
Fundamentals Empowerment
understanding of the
and Program in which I
FUNDAMENTALS
Generalities in like to empower the
and GENERALITIES in lay people or
Medical
the MEDICAL patients to take
Management
MANAGEMENT of control in the
of Cancer management of
CANCER.
their health.
 There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
started tackling
Health Disorder and
Health Issue Courses.
This may take 3 years
or longer.
 My PEP TALK today
Empowerment is entitled:
Cancer Course Fundamentals and
objective - for
– Generalities in
laypeople to have an
Fundamentals Medical
understanding of the Management of
and
FUNDAMENTALS Cancer, which is part
Generalities in
and GENERALITIES in of the Cancer
Medical
the MEDICAL Course.
Management
MANAGEMENT of
of Cancer
CANCER.
Fundamentals Definitions of Terms in Title:
and
Generalities Fundamentals – the basic principles; the
in Medical foundation; the basis
Management
of Cancer Generalities – majority; not all; not
detailed; not specific

Medical Management of Cancer –

diagnosis and treatment of cancer by
physicians
Fundamentals Contents:
and • Screening for cancer PART 1
Generalities • Symptoms that will lead to suspected presence
in Medical of cancer
• Clinical diagnosis of cancer
Management • Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for cancer
of Cancer

• Treatment for cancer

• Surveillance of cancer PART 2
• Prognosis of cancer
• Palliative and hospice care for cancer patients
Fundamentals Screening for cancer
and
Generalities
in Medical
Management
of Cancer
Fundamentals Screening for cancer
and
Generalities Screening for cancer means looking for a
in Medical cancer that may be present in apparently
Management healthy and asymptomatic persons.
of Cancer
Fundamentals Screening for cancer Screening for cancer
and means looking for a
Generalities General Screening Methods cancer that may be
• Risk-assessment interview or present in
in Medical apparently healthy
Management evaluation
and asymptomatic
of Cancer • Risk-assessment interview and physical persons.
examination
• Risk-assessment interview and physical
examination with use of instrumental
or laboratory diagnostic procedures
Fundamentals Screening for cancer If POSITIVE for
and higher risk, proceed
General Screening Methods to symptom-sign
Generalities
• Risk-assessment interview or evaluation (physical
in Medical examination) and if
evaluation
Management indicated, do
of Cancer instrumental or
Looking for higher risk for cancer in a laboratory
particular patient / person diagnostic
• Family history of cancer procedures.
• Risky lifestyle and behavior (tobacco
use; unsafe sex; sharing needles;
excessive sun exposure; etc.)
Fundamentals Screening for cancer If NEGATIVE for
and higher risk, MAY
General Screening Methods STOP HERE or
Generalities
• Risk-assessment interview or proceed to
in Medical symptom-sign
evaluation
Management evaluation
of Cancer (interview and
Looking for higher risk for cancer in a physical
particular patient / person examination) to
• Family history of cancer complete the basic
• Risky lifestyle and behavior (tobacco essentials of
use; unsafe sex; sharing needles; screening.
excessive sun exposure; etc.)
Fundamentals Screening for cancer If POSITIVE for
and higher risk and with
General Screening Methods SUSPECTED
Generalities
• Risk-assessment interview and physical PRESENCE of cancer
in Medical based on symptoms
examination
Management and signs, proceed
of Cancer to instrumental or
This constitutes the basic essentials of laboratory
screening. diagnostic
procedures as
indicated.
Fundamentals Screening for cancer If NEGATIVE for
and higher risk and with
General Screening Methods NO SUSPECTED
Generalities
• Risk-assessment interview and physical PRESENCE of cancer
in Medical based on symptoms
examination
Management and signs, MAY STOP
of Cancer HERE.
These constitute the basic essentials of
screening.
Fundamentals Screening for cancer In this era of
and commercialism in
General Screening Methods medicine and health
Generalities
• Risk-assessment interview and physical care,
in Medical BEWARE of a lot of
examination with use of instrumental
Management hospitals and
or laboratory diagnostic procedures
of Cancer laboratory clinics
• DO instrumental or laboratory
peddling screening
diagnostic procedures only if POSITIVE packages for cancer.
FOR HIGHER RISK FOR CANCER or / and Don’t be swayed
IF WITH SUSPECTED PRESENCE OF easily by the
CANCER BASED ON SYMPTOMS AND marketing and
SIGNS. discount offers.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected
and presence of cancer
Generalities
in Medical
Management
of Cancer
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected
and presence of cancer
Generalities
There are more than 200 types of cancers.
in Medical
200 types of cancers is not equated to 200
Management
set of symptoms that have to be
of Cancer
memorized for purpose of early diagnosis.

Let’s simplify things for

• efficient early diagnosis.
• PATIENT EMPOWERMENT purpose.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected First know the ALERT
and presence of cancer SYMPTOMS or
SYMPTOM-CUES for
Generalities
Cancers are first classified into solid and blood cancers (liquid
in Medical cancers) and then
liquid cancers. Then, the organs or tissues
Management non-blood cancers
of origin.
of Cancer (solid cancers).

Let’s use these classifications to make a

simple-to-remember list of symptoms that
will lead to suspected presence of cancer.
Let’s call these symptoms - ALERT
SYMPTOMS or SYMPTOM-CUES.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected Liquid cancers
and presence of cancer
Generalities – ALERT
Liquid cancers (blood cancers such as
in Medical SYMPTOMS
leukemias) The ALERT
Management
ALERT SYMPTOMS (blood-disorder SYMPTOMS or
of Cancer
symptom-cues): SYMPTOM-CUES for
• Unusual easy bruising BLOOD cancers are
• Unusual bleeding tendency those associated
• Red spots on the skin with BLOOD disorder
causing symptoms.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected Solid cancers
and presence of cancer
Generalities – ALERT
Solid cancers (presenting with mass/es in
in Medical SYMPTOMS
various organs and tissues) The ALERT
Management
ALERT SYMPTOMS: (general symptom-cues SYMPTOMS OR
of Cancer
in any organs and tissues) SYMPTOM-CUES for
• Palpable and/or visible mass/es or SOLID cancers are
bukol in superficial organs and tissues those associated
with a MASS disorder
causing symptoms.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected Solid cancers
and presence of cancer
Generalities – ALERT
Solid cancers (presenting with mass/es in
in Medical SYMPTOMS
various organs and tissues) The ALERT
Management
ALERT SYMPTOMS: (general symptom-cues SYMPTOMS OR
of Cancer
in any organs and tissues) SYMPTOM-CUES for
• Symptoms that may be caused by a SOLID cancers are
mass-effect in internal and deep organs those associated
and tissues (headache; cough; with a MASS disorder
causing symptoms.
hoarseness; difficulty in swallowing;
change in bowel habit; etc.)
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected
presence of cancer
Solid cancers
and
Generalities Solid cancers (presenting with mass/es in
– ALERT
in Medical various organs and tissues) SYMPTOMS
Management ALERT SYMPTOMS: (general symptom-cues The ALERT
of Cancer in any organs and tissues) SYMPTOMS OR
SYMPTOM-CUES for
• Symptoms that may be caused by an SOLID cancers are
unusual negative event in the mass those associated
such as pain, bleeding and discharge with a MASS disorder
(e.g. headache; vomiting of blood; coughing of causing symptoms.
blood; passage of blood per anus; unusual
vaginal discharge; etc.)
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected In the Internet, one
and presence of cancer commonly sees these
Generalities “Warning Signals of
Warning Signals for Cancers Cancers.”
in Medical
I don’t know who
Management 1.Change in bowel or bladder habits originally created
of Cancer 2.A sore that does not heal this. Most likely in
3.Unusual bleeding or discharge the USA.
4.Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere The warning signals
5.Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing started with 7. Some
6.Obvious change in a wart or mole centers now give as
7.Nagging cough or hoarseness many as 17 signals
and more.
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected In the Internet, one
and presence of cancer commonly sees these
Generalities “Warning Signals of
Warning signals for Cancers
Cancers.”
in Medical
1. Abnormal periods or pelvic pain 11. Skin changes I don’t know who
Management 2. Changes in bathroom habits originally created
12. Pain that lasts
of Cancer 3. Bloating 13. Persistent fatigue this. Most likely in
4. Breast changes 14. Postmenopausal the USA.
5. Chronic coughing bleeding The warning signals
6. Chronic headache 15. Stomach pain or
7. Difficulty swallowing nausea started with 7. Some
8. Excessive bruising 16. Unexplained centers now give as
9. Frequent fevers or infections weight loss many as 17 signals
10. Oral changes 17. Unusual lumps and more.
University of California San Francisco - UCSF, 2020
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected These 7 Warning
and presence of cancer Signals of Cancers is a
Generalities simplified infographic
Warning Signals for Cancers focusing on the more
in Medical
common cancers in
Management 1.Change in bowel or bladder habits the community and
of Cancer 2.A sore that does not heal their common alert
3.Unusual bleeding or discharge symptoms.
4.Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
5.Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
6.Obvious change in a wart or mole
7.Nagging cough or hoarseness
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected • Bowel or bladder
and presence of cancer cancers
• Skin cancers
Generalities Warning Signals for Cancers • Any cancer in
in Medical hollow organs
Management 1.Change in bowel or bladder habits Symptom-cues • Mass or bukol
of Cancer 2.A sore that does not heal anywhere
3.Unusual bleeding or discharge • Esophagus and
4.Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere stomach cancers
5.Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing • Melanomas
6.Obvious change in a wart or mole • Lung, laryngeal
7.Nagging cough or hoarseness and thyroid
cancers
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected This UCSF list of 17
and presence of cancer Warning Signals of
Generalities Cancers is more
Warning signals for Cancers
comprehensive and
in Medical
1. Abnormal periods or pelvic pain 11. Skin changes specific but still
Management 2. Changes in bathroom habits cannot be said to be
12. Pain that lasts
of Cancer 3. Bloating 13. Persistent fatigue complete.
4. Breast changes 14. Postmenopausal
5. Chronic coughing bleeding Challenge: how to
6. Chronic headache 15. Stomach pain or
7. Difficulty swallowing nausea remember them.
8. Excessive bruising 16. Unexplained
9. Frequent fevers or infections weight loss
10. Oral changes 17. Unusual lumps
UCSF, 2020
 Liquid cancers – ALERT
Fundamentals Symptoms that will lead to suspected SYMPTOMS
and presence of cancer Solid cancers – ALERT
SYMPTOMS
Generalities • Palpable and/or visible
May use
in Medical mass/es in superficial
• 7 Warning Signals of Cancer organs and tissues
Management
• More than 7 Warning Signals of Cancer • Symptoms that may be
of Cancer caused by a mass-
• ROJoson Alert Symptoms – Symptom- effect in internal and
Cues for Cancer using 2-step algorithm deep organs and
(cues for liquid – blood cancers and tissues
• Symptoms that may be
cues for solid cancers) and then for the caused by a negative
latter, look for symptom-cues for mass, event in the mass such
as pain, bleeding and
mass-effect and mass-event. discharge
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Generalities
in Medical
Management
of Cancer
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer Before I go further into the
discussion on clinical diagnosis of
and
cancer, which is the first thing
Generalities that a physician does in medical
in Medical management, let me say,
Management
of Cancer I utilize this framework of patient
management process which I
have discussed before and which
is applicable to all kinds of
patients and all kinds of medical
concerns, whether cancer or not.
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Clinical diagnosis means a conclusion or
Generalities
decision made by a physician after
in Medical
examining a patient and after evaluation of
Management
the data on symptoms and signs.
of Cancer
Symptoms are what are felt and observed
by the patient or a person on the body.

Signs are findings of a physician after

physical examination of a patient.
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Procedures in clinical diagnosis of cancer:
Generalities Patient has symptoms.
in Medical • Physician evaluates the symptoms to see if
Management these are alert signals or symptoms-cues for
of Cancer cancer or not.
• Physician does physical examination to look for
sign-cues for cancer.
• Physician processes symptoms and signs to
determine whether cancer is present or not
(clinical diagnosis) – not cancer; cancer –
suspect, probable, most probable.
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Processes used in clinical diagnosis of
Generalities
cancer:
in Medical
Management • Pattern recognition
of Cancer • Prevalence
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Processes used in clinical diagnosis of
Generalities
cancer:
in Medical • Pattern recognition process means realization
Management that the patient’s presentation conforms to a
of Cancer previously learned picture or pattern of
disease.
• Prevalence process means choice of a diagnosis
is based on the frequency of occurrence of the
disease in a certain locality, in a certain age and
sex group, and in the affected organ and
system.
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and Blood cancers exemplified by leukemias cues and use of
Generalities Symptoms and signs are non-specific and are variable with pattern recognition
in Medical the following as common symptoms and signs (with the and prevalence in
Management underlined ones as particular cues) the clinical diagnosis
•Easy bleeding or bruising
of Cancer of cancers
•Recurrent nosebleeds Leukemia
•Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
suspect
•Frequent or severe infections
•Fever or chills
•Persistent fatigue, weakness
•Losing weight without trying
•Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
•Excessive sweating, especially at night
•Bone pain or tenderness
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and
Breast Mass cues and use of
Generalities pattern recognition
in Medical 30 years old and above and prevalence in
Management Palpable breast mass Breast cancer the clinical diagnosis
of Cancer suspect of cancers
Solid
Breast cancer
Fixed (not movable)
probable

Breast cancer
With armpit lymph node most probable
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and
Breast Mass cues and use of
Generalities pattern recognition
in Medical Any age and prevalence in
Palpable breast mass
Management the clinical diagnosis
NOT breast of cancers
of Cancer Cystic (containing fluid) cancer suspect
BENIGN

Macrocyst
Hormonal change
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and
Breast Mass cues and use of
Generalities pattern recognition
in Medical Any age and prevalence in
Palpable breast mass
Management the clinical diagnosis
of Cancer of cancers
With redness, tenderness and possible pus
NOT breast
cancer suspect
BENIGN

Infection
Abscess
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and
Thyroid Mass cues and use of
Generalities pattern recognition
in Medical Any age, any sex and prevalence in
Management Palpable thyroid mass Thyroid cancer the clinical diagnosis
of Cancer suspect of cancers
Feel solid and hard
Thyroid cancer
With neck lymph node
probable
With hoarseness of voice Thyroid cancer
most probable
 Example of
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
symptom- and sign-
and
Thyroid Mass cues and use of
Generalities pattern recognition
in Medical Any age, any sex and prevalence in
Palpable thyroid mass
Management the clinical diagnosis
NOT thyroid of cancers
of Cancer Cystic (containing fluid) cancer suspect
BENIGN

Colloid cyst
 Cancer is a medical
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
disease when some of
and
Remember the definition of cancer when the body’s cells grow
Generalities uncontrollably with a
evaluating a mass.
in Medical potential
Management
of Cancer to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and

to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
 Cancer is a medical
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
disease when some of
and
Suspect cancer in a mass with cues of the body’s cells grow
Generalities uncontrollably with a
invasion of adjacent tissues – ILL-DEFINED
in Medical potential
BORDER and FIXATION.
Management
of Cancer to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and

to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
 Cancer is a medical
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
disease when some of
and
Suspect cancer in a mass with cues of the body’s cells grow
Generalities uncontrollably with a
spread to distant tissues or organs.
in Medical potential
Management
of Cancer to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and

to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
and
Procedures in clinical diagnosis of cancer:
Generalities Patient has symptoms.
in Medical • Physician evaluates the symptoms to see if
Management these are alert signals or symptoms-cues for
of Cancer cancer or not.
• Physician does physical examination to look for
sign-cues for cancer.
• Physician processes symptoms and signs to
determine whether cancer is present or not
(clinical diagnosis) – not cancer; cancer –
suspect, probable, most probable.
Fundamentals Clinical diagnosis of cancer
The next thing for
and
At end of the clinical examination, the physician to
Generalities decide is whether to
physician makes a clinical diagnosis:
in Medical do a paraclinical
Management diagnostic
Possible conclusion or decision: procedure or not –
of Cancer • Not cancer
• Cancer suspect instrumental or
• Cancer probable laboratory
• Cancer most probable diagnostic
procedure
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
and cancer
Generalities
in Medical
Management
of Cancer
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
and cancer
Generalities
in Medical The foremost indication for a paraclinical
Management diagnostic procedure can be stated this
of Cancer way:

if you are not certain on the primary

clinical diagnosis and you need to be
certain or be more certain before
treatment, then go for a paraclinical
diagnostic procedure.
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
As a rule, there is no need
and cancer for a paraclinical
Generalities diagnostic procedure if:
To decide on indication of the paraclinical
in Medical • you are quite
diagnostic procedure,
Management certain of your
of Cancer the physician uses two processes – primary clinical
- degree of certainty on the primary diagnosis.
clinical diagnosis and • treatment plans for
primary and
- comparison of the treatment plans for
secondary
the primary and secondary clinical diagnoses are the
diagnoses. same.
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
If there is a need for a
and cancer
paraclinical diagnostic
Generalities procedure, the
Procedures Benefit Risk Cost Availability
in Medical (goal – to
physician uses the B-
be more
Management definite on R-C-A processes.
of Cancer the
diagnosis) B – stands for benefit;
R – risk; C – cost; A –
Option1         Availability.
Option2        
Option3        
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
The physician gives or
and cancer
lists the various
Generalities options of paraclinical
Procedures Benefit Risk Cost Availability
in Medical (goal – to
diagnostic procedures
be more
Management definite on and then gives data
of Cancer the
diagnosis) on the BRCA.
With the data given,
Option1         the patient is asked
Option2        
what s/he prefers.
Option3        
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
cancer There are several
and
issues to discuss in the
Generalities Issues
selection of
in Medical • Using the fad, the popular one without paraclinical diagnostic
Management comparative analysis (benefit, risk, cost and procedures to be done
of Cancer availability) of other options (usually with no for suspected cancer.
considerations for cost-effectiveness and
patient preference)
There are a lot of
• Shotgun approach ordering every possible test
confusion, not to say
just to catch a diagnosis
errors, happening.
• Ordering tests not needed for diagnosis of
cancer NOT recommended
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for
There are several
and cancer
issues to discuss in the
Generalities Other issues selection of
in Medical paraclinical diagnostic
• Primary and secondary indications
Management procedures to be done
• Direct vs indirect investigations of the
of Cancer for suspected cancer.
suspected cancer

There are a lot of

confusion, not to say
errors, happening.
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Primary indications
and cancer refer to the direct
Generalities information needed
Primary indications for a paraclinical diagnostic
in Medical on the tumor or alert
procedure for cancer:
symptom itself where
Management - Not quite certain of the clinical diagnosis of
cancer is being
of Cancer cancer (at the moment, just a suspect or suspected.
probable)
- Need to be very very certain in the diagnosis of
PRIMARY
cancer because an extensive complex
PARACLINICAL
treatment procedure is being planned
DIAGNOSTIC
FIRST priority – must be accomplished first! PROCEDURES
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Secondary indications
and cancer refer to the other
Generalities information needed in
Secondary indications for a paraclinical diagnostic
in Medical the planning of
procedure for cancer:
treatment if there is
Management - Need to know before treatment
cancer.
of Cancer
- the extent of the cancer
- other info, such as the specific cancer type SECONDARY
and prognostic exams PARACLINICAL
SECOND priority – if needed to be done, DIAGNOSTIC
should be after the primary indications. PROCEDURES
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Both approaches can
and cancer be done as dictated by
Generalities the situation.
Direct vs indirect investigations of the suspected
in Medical cancer
Management - Direct means done on the suspected primary However, as much as
of Cancer cancer lesion itself such as biopsy of the lesion. possible do the direct
approach first.
- Indirect means done outside the suspected
primary cancer lesion such that if positive for Do the second
cancer will infer cancer on the primary lesion. approach only if the
direct approach is not
feasible or difficult.
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Examples of
and cancer physicians’ ordering
Generalities for paraclinical
Blood cancer suspect
in Medical diagnostic procedures
Shotgun approach Targeted sequential approach
Management • Complete blood • Complete blood count
of Cancer count if indicated Recommended
• Blood cell • Blood cell examination
examination if indicated
• Bone marrow • Bone marrow biopsy
biopsy if indicated
• Imaging such as CT • Imaging such as CT scans
scans and MRIs and MRIs
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Examples of
and cancer physicians’ ordering
Generalities for paraclinical
Breast cancer suspect with a palpable mass
in Medical diagnostic procedures
Shotgun approach Targeted and sequential
Management
• Ultrasound breast with prioritization
of Cancer • Mammography approach
• CT Scan • Breast mass
• Tumor Markers examination (eg biopsy
• Bone Scan +/- ultrasound
• Ultrasound if indicated Recommended
abdomen • Extent of cancer tests
• PET scan
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Example of BRCA
and cancer comparative analysis
Generalities of paraclinical
Cancer suspect needing a paraclinical diagnostic
in Medical diagnostic procedures
procedure
Management
Procedures Benefit (goal – to be Risk Cost (PhP) Availability
of Cancer more definite on the
diagnosis)

Option1 accuracy 99% acceptable 4000 available

Option2 accuracy 90% acceptable 3000 available
Option3 accuracy 60% acceptable 1000 available
Fundamentals Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for Example of BRCA
and cancer comparative analysis
Generalities of paraclinical
Breast cancer suspect with a palpable mass
in Medical diagnostic procedures
Procedures Benefit (goal – Risk Cost Availability
Management to be more
definite on the
of Cancer diagnosis)

Biopsy Direct info (4+ Pain  PPP   √

diagnostic
yield)
Ultrasound Indirect (2+) No pain  P   √
Mammogra Indirect (1+) Pain +  PP  
phy Radiation √
CT scan Indirect (3+) No pain + PPPP
Radiation √
Fundamentals Contents: Summary
and • Screening for cancer Take Away
Generalities • Symptoms that will lead to suspected presence
in Medical of cancer
Management
• Clinical diagnosis of cancer PART 1
• Paraclinical diagnostic procedures for cancer
of Cancer

• Treatment for cancer

• Surveillance of cancer
• Prognosis of cancer PART 2
• Palliative and hospice care for cancer patients
Fundamentals Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
and information on fundamentals and relation to
Generalities generalities in medical management of Patient
in Medical cancer. Empowerment
Management
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
of Cancer
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
medical management.
 Empowerment
Cancer Course
objective - for
–
laypeople to have an
Fundamentals
understanding of the
and
FUNDAMENTALS
Generalities in
and GENERALITIES in
Medical
the MEDICAL
Management
MANAGEMENT of
of Cancer
CANCER.