February 11, 2023

1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom

Empowerment
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 February 11, 2023
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Welcome all!

MUTE yourself but always

show your video picture.
Empowerment
Sign in your name, FB
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a
account, or email address in
the Chat Box! Include names
Awareness basic understanding of companions attending.
and Myths on of what is a CANCER Use the Chat Box to ask
Causation and its associated
questions and make
comments while the PEP TALK
MYTHS in causation. is on.

Group pictures at start and

end of PEP TALK – show your
face in video.
 Reminder:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
Empowerment mastery of learning and
objective - for have a perfect score to get
Cancer laypeople to have a a Certificate.
Awareness basic understanding
Link is in Chat Box.
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
Empowerment
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:

FEEDBACK TO THIS
Empowerment PEP TALK!
objective - for Pls. type in your
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness feedback in the chat
basic understanding box during the open
and Myths on of what is a CANCER forum and before we
Causation and its associated part ways!
MYTHS in causation.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
TAKING BEFORE WE
Empowerment START IN 2 MINUTES!
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a Pls. turn on your
Awareness basic understanding video!
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Show your face!
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 ROJoson PEP Talk
Empowerment
objective - for I have a Patient
Cancer laypeople to have a Empowerment
Awareness basic understanding
Program in which I
and Myths on like to empower the
of what is a CANCER lay people or
Causation and its associated patients to take
MYTHS in causation. control in the
management of
their health.
I started the PEP Talk
on May 15, 2021.
There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
 From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer depending on
our enthusiasm and
perseverance.
 My PEP TALK today is
entitled:
Cancer Awareness
Empowerment
and Myths on
objective - for
Cancer Causation
laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
This is part of my
Causation contribution to the
and its associated National Cancer
MYTHS in causation. Consciousness
Month program of
DOH in February.
 Contents of PEP Talk:
Cancer • What is a cancer?
Awareness • What are the different types of cancer?
and Myths on • What are the causes of cancer?
Causation
• What are the myths and
misconceptions on CAUSATION of
cancers? [FOCUS OF TALK]
 What is a cancer?
Cancer
Awareness
and Myths on
Causation
 What is a cancer?
Cancer
Awareness Definition of Cancer:
and Myths on
Causation Cancer is a medical disease when some of
the body’s cells grow uncontrollably with a
potential to invade the adjacent body
tissues or organs and to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
 Cancer is a medical
What is a cancer?
Cancer disease when some of
the body’s cells grow
Awareness uncontrollably with a
and Myths on potential
Causation
to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and

to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
 Cancer is a medical
What is a cancer?
Cancer disease when some of
the body’s cells grow
Awareness uncontrollably with a
and Myths on potential
Causation
to invade the adjacent
body tissues or organs
and

to spread to distant
tissues or organs.
 What is a cancer? Before going
Cancer further, let’s clarify
Awareness What is a malignant tumor? one associated term
of cancer (malignant
and Myths on Malignant tumor = cancer
tumor) and
Causation differentiate it from
What is a benign tumor? benign tumor.
Benign tumor = not cancer

Malignant tumors invade and spread.

Benign tumors do not invade and spread.
 What are the different types of cancer?
Cancer
Awareness
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the different types of cancer?
Cancer
Awareness There are more than 200 types of cancers.
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the different types of cancer? There are more
Cancer than 200 types of
Awareness The types of cancers can be categorized cancers.
and Myths on into
Causation • whether solid or liquid;
• based on organ or tissue of origin;
and
• based on specific cell of origin.
 What are the different types of cancer? There are more
Cancer than 200 types of
Awareness Whether solid or liquid cancers
cancers.
and Myths on Cancer can be described as solid tumors (organ
Causation tumors) or liquid tumors (blood cancers).

Both types are similar in that they are made of

abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably.

Solid tumors form a mass or multiple masses and

the liquid tumors circulate around the body
through the bloodstream.
 What are the different types of cancer? There are more
Cancer than 200 types of
Awareness Based on organ or tissue of origin
cancers.
and Myths on Examples: Cancers arising from
•Breast
Causation •Brain
Note:
•Bone
NO organ in the
•Stomach body is spared of
•Esophagus cancer.
•Lymph nodes Rare though are
•Epithelial tissue cancers of the heart,
•Connective tissue
•Muscular tissue
spleen and
•Nervous tissue appendix.
 What are the different types of cancer? There are more
Cancer than 200 types of
Awareness
Based on specific cell of origin
Examples:
cancers.
and Myths on •Carcinoma from epithelial cells
Causation • Adenocarcinoma
• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Transitional cell carcinoma
•Sarcoma from muscle cells, fat cells, etc.
•Leukemia from bone marrow and white blood cells
•Lymphoma from lymphocytes
•Multiple myeloma from plasma cells
•Melanoma from melanocytes
•Germ cell tumor
•Neuroendocrine tumor
•Carcinoid tumor
 What are the causes of cancer?
Cancer
Awareness
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the causes of cancer?
Cancer Cancer is a genetic
The main cause of cancer is mutations, or changes
Awareness to the DNA in your cells. disease—that is, it
and Myths on is caused by
Causation changes
to genes that
control the way
our cells function,
especially how
they grow and
divide.
 What are the causes of cancer?
Cancer
The main cause of cancer is mutations, or changes
Awareness to the DNA in your cells.
and Myths on
Causation Genetic mutations can be INHERITED
(BUT ONLY IN 5 TO 10% OF
INSTANCES).
 What are the causes of cancer?
Cancer
They can also occur after birth as a result of
Awareness environmental forces. (MAJORITY OF INSTANCES)
and Myths on
Causation These external causes, called carcinogens, can
include:
• physical carcinogens like radiation and
ultraviolet (UV) light
• chemical carcinogens like cigarette smoke,
asbestos, alcohol, air pollution, and
contaminated food and drinking water
• biological carcinogens like viruses, bacteria,
and parasites
 What are the MYTHS and
Cancer MISCONCEPTIONS on causes of cancer?
Awareness
and Myths on Misconceptions about cancer causation are often NOTE:
rooted in outdated theories. They can cause
Causation undue stress and interfere with effective A belief will be said
prevention and treatment. to be a myth if
there are NO strong
Here are some common cancer myths on evidences to
causation with some evidence-based information. support it.

Main reference: National Cancer Institute (USA)

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/myths
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness If someone in my family has cancer, am I Is cancer always
and Myths on likely to get cancer, too? genetic?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness If someone in my family has cancer, am I likely to Is cancer always
and Myths on get cancer, too? genetic?
Causation
NOT NECESSARILY.

Cancer is caused by harmful changes (mutations)

in genes.

Only about 5 to 10 percent of cancers are caused

by harmful mutations that are inherited from a
person’s parents.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness If someone in my family has cancer, am I likely to Is cancer always
and Myths on get cancer, too? genetic?
Causation
The remaining 90 to 95 percent of cancers are
caused by mutations that happen during a NOT ALWAYS!
person’s lifetime as a natural result of aging and IN ONLY 5 – 10%!
exposure to environmental factors, such as
tobacco smoke and radiation. These cancers are
called “non-hereditary” or “spontaneous”
cancers.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness If no one in my family has had cancer, does
and Myths on that mean I’m risk-free?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness If no one in my family has had cancer, does that
and Myths on mean I’m risk-free?
Causation
No.
Based on the most recent data, about 38 percent of men and women will
be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lives. Most cancers
are caused by genetic changes that occur throughout a person’s lifetime
as a natural result of aging and exposure to environmental factors, such
as tobacco smoke and radiation. Other factors, such as what kind of food
you eat, how much you eat, and whether you exercise, may also influence
your risk of developing cancer.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Is cancer contagious?
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Is cancer contagious?
and Myths on
Causation In general, no.
Cancer is not a contagious disease that easily spreads from person to
person. The only situation in which cancer can spread from one person to
another is in the case of organ or tissue transplantation. A person who
receives an organ or tissue from a donor who had cancer in the past may
be at increased risk of developing a transplant-related cancer in the
future. However, that risk is extremely low—about two cases of cancer
per 10,000 organ transplants. Doctors avoid the use of organs or tissue
from donors who have a history of cancer.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do cell phones cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do cell phones cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation No, not according to the best studies completed
so far.

Cancer is caused by genetic mutations, and cell

phones emit a type of low-frequency energy that
does not damage genes.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do microwaving foods in plastic containers
and Myths on and wraps release harmful, cancer-causing
Causation substances?
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do microwaving foods in plastic containers and
and Myths on wraps release harmful, cancer-causing
Causation substances?
Plastic containers and wraps labeled as safe for
use in the microwave don't pose a threat.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Will eating sugar make my cancer worse?
and Myths on Will eating sugar cause cancer?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Will eating sugar make my cancer worse?
and Myths on No.
Causation Although research has shown that cancer cells
consume more sugar (glucose) than normal cells,
no studies have shown that eating sugar will
make your cancer worse or that, if you stop eating
sugar, your cancer will shrink or disappear.
However, a high-sugar diet may contribute to
excess weight gain, and obesity is associated with
an increased risk of developing several types of
cancer.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Can artificial sweeteners cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Can artificial sweeteners cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation NO.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Does trauma cause cancer?
and Myths on Does trauma to the breast cause breast
Causation cancer?
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Does trauma cause cancer?
and Myths on Does trauma to the breast cause breast cancer?
Causation
NO.
NO.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Does negative thinking or attitude cause
and Myths on cancer?
Causation Does stress, anxiety and depression cause
cancer?
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Does negative thinking or attitude cause cancer?
and Myths on Does stress, anxiety and depression cause cancer?
Causation
NO.
NO.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Will dyeing hair cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Will dyeing hair cause cancer?
and Myths on
Causation NO.
Since the 1970s, most of the harmful chemicals
have been removed from hair dyes, and modern
studies have found NO increased risk of cancer in
people who dye their hair.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do underwire bras cause breast cancer?
and Myths on
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do underwire bras cause breast cancer?
and Myths on
Causation NO.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do antiperspirants or deodorants cause
and Myths on breast cancer?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do antiperspirants or deodorants cause breast
and Myths on cancer?
Causation
NO.
The best studies so far have found no evidence
linking the chemicals typically found in
antiperspirants and deodorants with changes in
breast tissue. 
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do frequent ejaculations cause or prevent
and Myths on prostate cancer?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Do frequent ejaculations cause or prevent
and Myths on prostate cancer?
Causation
Frequent ejaculations do not cause prostatic
cancer.
Though some studies are showing protective
effect of frequent ejaculation on prostatic
cancers, (reduction), these still have to be
validated.
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Can cancer surgery or a tumor biopsy
and Myths on cause cancer to spread in the body?
Causation
 What are the MYTHS and MISCONCEPTIONS on
Cancer causes of cancer?
Awareness Can cancer surgery or a tumor biopsy cause
and Myths on cancer to spread in the body?
Causation
The chance that surgery will cause cancer to
spread to other parts of the body is extremely
low. 
There is more benefit in doing biopsy than not
doing it as a definitive diagnosis is needed for a
proper treatment.
 Contents of PEP Talk: Summary
Cancer • What is a cancer? Take Away
Awareness • What are the different types of cancer?
and Myths on • What are the causes of cancer?
Causation
• What are the myths and
misconceptions on CAUSATION of
cancers? [FOCUS OF TALK]
 Contents of PEP Talk: Summary
Cancer What are the myths and misconceptions on Take Away
Awareness CAUSATION of cancers?
and Myths on • If someone in my family has cancer, am I likely
to get cancer, too? Is cancer always genetic?
Causation
• If no one in my family has had cancer, does that
mean I’m risk-free?
• Is cancer contagious?
• Do cell phones cause cancer?
• Do microwaving foods in plastic containers and
wraps release harmful, cancer-causing
substances?
 Contents of PEP Talk: Summary
Cancer What are the myths and misconceptions on Take Away
Awareness CAUSATION of cancers?
and Myths on • Will eating sugar make my cancer worse? Will
eating sugar cause cancer?
Causation
• Can artificial sweeteners cause cancer?
• Does trauma cause cancer? Does trauma to
the breast cause breast cancer?
• Does negative thinking or attitude cause
cancer? Does stress, anxiety and depression
cause cancer?
• Will dyeing hair cause cancer?
• Do underwire bras cause breast cancer?
 Contents of PEP Talk: Summary
Cancer What are the myths and misconceptions on Take Away
Awareness CAUSATION of cancers?
and Myths on • Do antiperspirants or deodorants cause breast
cancer?
Causation
• Do frequent ejaculations cause or prevent
prostate cancer?
• Can cancer surgery or a tumor biopsy cause
cancer to spread in the body?
 Be always in touch with reliable medical Take Away in
Cancer information on MYTHS in CANCER relation to
Awareness CAUSATION. Patient
and Myths on
Knowledge is power; it gives power. Empowerment
Causation
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
preventing the Myths in Cancer Causation
in affecting health management.
 Empowerment
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 Reminder:

Take the Online Learning

cum Evaluation Test
Exercise (OLETE) for
Empowerment mastery of learning and
objective - for have a perfect score to get
Cancer laypeople to have a a Certificate.
Awareness basic understanding
Link is in Chat Box.
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 Reminder:
50 OLETE Certificates = 1
Voucher for ROJoson
Telemedical Consultation
Empowerment
objective - for
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
Causation and its associated
MYTHS in causation.
 ROJOSON’S REQUEST:

FEEDBACK TO THIS
Empowerment PEP TALK!
objective - for Pls. type in your
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness feedback in the chat
basic understanding box during the open
and Myths on of what is a CANCER forum and before we
Causation and its associated part ways!
MYTHS in causation.
Thank you!
 LET’S NOW HAVE A
GROUP PICTURE
TAKING BEFORE WE
Empowerment START Q&A AND
objective - for INTERACTIONS!
Cancer laypeople to have a
Awareness basic understanding Pls. turn on your
and Myths on of what is a CANCER
video!
Causation Show your face!
and its associated
MYTHS in causation.