Maritime

Shipping
Systems
and
Practice
• Semester 1 2020-2021
Terminologies/
New Port
Starboar
d (Stbd)
Knowledge
Port/Starboard
Port/Starboard
Terminologies/
Forehea
New d (fwd)
Aft

Knowledge
Watch the Video on
Port/Starboard and how to
remember these terminologies
https://youtu.be/Fyx9QOJkjxU
Ships are •1. Container Ships
mainly •2. Bulk Carrier
classified into •3. Tanker Ships
•4. Passenger Ships
the following •5. Naval Ships
types:
Plimsol
e Line
 What is it?

• The Plimsole line (also known as a Load Line or the

International Load line) is a reference mark located on a ship’s
hull that indicates the maximum depth to which the vessel may
be safely immersed when loaded with cargo.
• It might prove to be severely unsafe to the ship as tactless
overloading of heavy shipment would sink the ship’s stability.
• Crossing the assigned limit of the Plimsole mark or the
waterline is considered a violation of an international shipping
act and can even land the ship’s crew, including the Captain, in
deep trouble.
Why is the Plimsole
Line useful
It is evident that there is not a
standard maximum height into
which a ship is allowed to
immerse, but the maximum
allowed depth varies depending
on the conditions, for example:
• the ship’s dimensions,
• the type of cargo carried,
• the time of year, and
• the water densities encountered
in port and at sea.
Plimsole Line
TF – TROPICAL
FRESH WATER
T – TROPICAL
F – FRESH WATER
S – SUMMER
W – WINTER
WNA – WINTER
NORTH ATLANTIC

Considering the above factors, a ship’s captain can determine the appropriate
Plimsole line needed for the voyage. As such, load limits are calculated for each
type of operating environment into the following levels:
 Watch the Video on the
Plimsole Line

https://youtu.be/IfA7SGOMI5g
Glossary of Terms: What do the
following terms mean:

Bill of Cargo
Bunkering
Lading Manifest

Economies Freight
Break bulk
of Scale forwarder

13
Bill of Lading
• This depends on the type of the Bill of Lading, but in general the following
information should be listed on the document:
• Carrier name
• Signatures from the carrier and the ship’s Master (or legal representatives)
• Details of the goods being shipped (value, count, weight, size,
markings/numbers, etc.)
• Date and indication of goods being loaded onto a vessel
• Notation of the port of loading and the port of destination
• Name of the consignee
• Terms and conditions of carriage (or a reference to these)
• Any special instructions for the shipment
 • In shipping, bunkering refers to the
fueling of ships with marine
(bunker) fuels used to power them
and includes food and drinking
water supplies for the crew.
• The fueling operation can either be
carried out via pipeline or tanker
vehicle at berth or with special
Bunkering bunker vessels on the water.
• Ship-to-ship fueling outside the
port areas, i.e., at sea, is called
offshore bunkering.
• Very high safety precautions apply
to bunkering to ensure that no
marine fuels spill into the water
during fueling.
Why is a Bill of Lading useful?

• The point of this contract is to be transferable. The signatures on

the bill of lading signify the goods have been received in “good
order” and are in the same condition as when the cargo departed
the shipper’s facility.
• A bill of lading is very important to trade, as the holder in due
course is entitled to delivery of the cargo as described by the
negotiable bill of lading. This right goes to title, as well as
quantity and description of the goods.
 • Cargo manifest is a consolidated list of
all the cargo that is on board a cargo
vessel. The list of all cargo carried on
the vessel will appear under the vessel
name and identification marks of the
vessel.
• It would also show the route taken by
the vessel. A manifest, in general, is a
Cargo complete list of the cargo or passengers.
Manifest • Just like the cargo manifest, the
passenger manifest lists details of all the
passengers who are onboard a ship or
airplane. This list would include details
of the crew members as well.
• Customs authorities at the respective
ports will need to review and confirm the
cargo manifest against the actual cargo
being unloaded at these destinations.
For your workshop class – Abbreviations
(Practice forum)
What do the following abbreviations mean?
ASEAN

DWT

EEA

EFTA

IMO

18
Abbreviations

FCL

SOLAS

ISPS

NAFTA

19