INTRODUCING THE

READING PROCESS AND

READING
STRATEGIES
 OBJECTIVES:
• understand the significance of reading process
and reading strategies;
• apply effective reading strategies in
comprehending a text; and
• use connotation and denotation to improve
comprehension.
 JABBERWOCKY
•
•
•
•
 JABBERWOCKY
by Lewis Carroll
  One, two! One, two! And through and through
’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves  
      Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
      And the mome raths outgrabe.
 
“Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
      The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
      The frumious Bandersnatch!”
 
He took his vorpal sword in hand;
      Long time the manxome foe he sought—
So rested he by the Tumtum tree
      And stood awhile in thought.
And, as in uffish thought he stood,
      The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,
Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,
      And burbled as it came!
     The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!
He left it dead, and with its head
      He went galumphing back.
 
“And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?
      Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!”
      He chortled in his joy.
 
’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
      Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
      And the mome raths outgrabe
 VOCABULARY

Unfamiliar word from the Similar-sounding word in Possible meaning Dictionary Meaning
poem English

1. Sligthy slimy, sly, slithery Description for a to a small degree; not

considerably.
slimy animal
2.    

3.    

4.    

5.    
 WHAT IS
READING?
 READING
• a cognitive process of decoding symbols to
derive meaning from a text. It is always an
interaction between the text and the reader.
 COMPREHENSION
Comprehension means understanding text: spoken, written and/or
visual. Comprehension is an active and complex process which:

•includes the act of simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning from

text

•enables readers to derive meaning from text when they engage in intentional,
problem solving and thinking processes

•is a lived and institutionally situated social, cultural and intellectual practice
that is much more than a semantic element of making meaning.
 EFFECTIVE READING
STRATEGIES

1.Getting an Overview of the Text

2.Using Context Clues

3.Using Connotations and Denotation

 GETTING AN
OVERVIEW OF
THE TEXT

PREVIEWING SKIMMING SCANNING

 GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF THE
TEXT

 PREVIEWING
• looking at the readily visible parts of the text
 GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF THE
TEXT

 SKIMMING
• look for the main point of the reading and identify the
ideas that develop it.

• physically moving your eyes rapidly along the page

and tracing your finger along the lines of the text to
speed up your reading
 GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF THE
TEXT

 SKIMMING
• You will not read every word; you will pay special
attention to typographical cues-headings, boldface
and italic type, indenting, bulleted and numbered
lists. You will be alert for key words and phrases,
the names of people and places, dates, nouns, and
unfamiliar words
 GETTING AN OVERVIEW OF THE
TEXT

 SCANNING
• looking for specific information or particular
facts.

• In scanning you, have a question in your mind and

you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring
unrelated information.
 EFFECTIVE READING
STRATEGIES
1. Getting an Overview of the Text
• Previewing
• Skimming
• Scanning

2. Using Context Clues

3. Using Connotations and Denotation
 CONTEXT CLUES
words, phrases, and sentences that surround an
unfamiliar word that can help you recognize
the meaning of an unknown word because the
text gives you information about it.
 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
SYNONYMS
Synonyms are used when the text has words or
phrases that are similar in meaning to the
unknown word

Synonym clues may be signaled by the

following words: “like” or “as”.
 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
SYNONYMS
The reader may discover the meaning of an
unknown word because it repeats an idea
expressed in familiar words nearby.
Example:

Alice envisaged the Jabberwock in her mind. She

imagined its sharp claws and jaws, and then shivered
in fright.

Envisage- form a mental picture of (something not yet existing or known).

Synonymous words: Forsee, predict, foretell, envision visualize, contemplate
…
Flooded with spotlights – the focus of all
attention – the new Miss America began her
year-long reign. She was the cynosure of all
eyes for the rest of the evening.

“Cynosure” means “the focus of all attention.”

1.The baseball coach punished the
team's duplicity or deceitfulness after they
admitted to using steroids to boost their batting
averages.

2.The annual bazaar is scheduled for the last day

of school. It's always a fun festival.

3.Bill felt remorse, or shame, for his harsh words.

 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
ANTONYMS
• Words that reveals the opposite meaning in
relation to the unknown word.

• Words like “although,” “however,” and “but”

may signal contrast clues.
Example:

The Jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by

the boy, unlike the others who gave up easily
when they heard how terrifying the creature
was.

Relentless- persistent, continuing, steady, never ending

Emmanuel is gregarious, unlike his
brother who is quiet and shy.
1.The feral cat would not let us pet him, unlike
our friendly cat.

2.Although some men are loquacious, others

hardly talk at all.

3.Rodrigo acted nonchalant about the exam, but

he was actually quite concerned.
 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
EXAMPLES
Examples are specific details in a
text that are used to clarify the
meaning of a word.
There are many eccentric creatures in
the forest, such as mome raths and
borogoves.

Eccentric- uncommon, strange, weird, abnormal

Celestial bodies, such as the sun,
moon, and stars, are governed by
predictable laws.
 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
EXPLANATIONS AND DEFINITION
Explanations may be given as clues to describe an
unknown term. When phrases like “because’ or
“that is” follow a word, these may be
explanations. Meanwhile, definitions may follow
unfamiliar word, Terms like “is”, “means”, “is
defined as”, and “refers to”, are used with
definitions.
Humpty Dumpty told Alice that “brillig”
means the same thing as four o’clock in the
afternoon, because that is when people
started broiling things for dinner.
Hearing someone “outgrabe” – which
means he is whistling, bellowing, and
sneezing all at once – can be a funny
sight.
1. The patient is so somnolent that she requires
medication to help her stay awake for more than a
short time.

2. We know the dog has a kind disposition because we’ve

never seen her bite or scratch anyone.

3. I called him a nuisance because he annoyed me with

his incessant line of questioning.
 COMMON TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
SITUATIONS
a word is used can also be helpful in
determining the meaning of that word. The
meaning of a word may change depending on
its context, or how and where it is used.
The hero’s conquest of the Jabberwock is an
exemplary case of bravery.

In the sentence, “case” pertains to “an

instance of the occurrence.
The hero is lucky that the murder of the
Jabberwock does not merit a case in court.

In the sentence, “case” pertains to

“charges raised in court for a crime.”
 EFFECTIVE READING
STRATEGIES
1. Getting an Overview of the Text
2. Using Context Clues
• Synonyms • Explanations and Definitions
• Antonyms • Situations
• Examples

3. Using Connotations and Denotation

 CONNOTATIONS AND DENOTATION
• Denotation is the basic, precise, literal meaning of the
word that can be found in the dictionary. Connotation,
meanwhile is the positive, negative, or neutral feelings,
attitudes, ideas, or associations with a word.

• These shades of meaning are affected by social

overtones, emotional meanings, and cultural implications.
Father

Denotation -a male parent.

 
Connotation - association: positive
- feelings: love and respect

Daddy
 
Denotation -a male parent.
 
Connotation - association: positive
- feelings: love, familiarity, childhood
For another example of connotations, consider the following:

negative There are over 2,000 vagrants in the city.

neutral There are over 2,000 people with no fixed
address in the city.
positive There are over 2,000 homeless in the city.
 ASSIGNMENT
Read the article “Shouldn’t There Be a Word …?”
Choose seven words that are unfamiliar to you and
underline them. Write approximate meaning of your
selected words using the table below. Fill out this table
after reading the article.
Suggested article: “Shouldn’t There Be a Word …?”
Author: Barbara Wallra
Link: https://theamericanscholar.org/shouldnt-there-be-a-word/
         
Unfamiliar Type of context Your own definition Definition from The connotation
words clue used from context clues the dictionary of the word
 
1.        
 

2.        
 

3.        
 

4.        
 

5.        
 

6.        
 

7.