GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

SAKOLI
 on and off the L
COMPUTER

switch compone
Year TECHNOLOGY SECOND
2020-2021 SEMESTER
MICROPROJECT

circuit to switch
n Transistor as
SUBJECT :-BASIC ELECTRONICS (BEC)
Topic :- Bipolar Junction Transistor
(BJT)

Bipolar Junctio
Task :- Build a

GUIDED BY – Prof. R.R. Vairagade

Submitted By :
Roll No.1 : Devid Pundlik Gahane
Roll No.26 : Pavan Bhupdas Pandhare
Rall No.45 : Ashwaghosh Radhesham Meshram
Roll No.46 : Amar Anil Borkar
• Roll No.48 : Bhupendra Uddhav Lute
INTRODUCTION :
• Bipolar Junction Transistor are one of the main ‘building-
blocks’ in electronic systems.

• They are used in both analog and digital circuits.

• The transistor has three layers semiconductor devices

consisting of two N-type and one P-type layers of
material OR two P-type and one N-type layers of
material.
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT) :
• Bipolar Junction Transistors OR BJTs includes two PN junctions .

• The term bipolar reflects the fact that holes and electrons involve in the current
flow.

• The bipolar Junction transistor is analogous to a vacuum triode and is

comparatively smaller in size.

• It is used in amplifier oscillator circuits and as a switch in digital circuits.

• It has wide applications in computers, satellites and other modern

communication system.
Bipolar Junction Transistors as a switch :
• If the transistor is biased into the active region, it will
operate as an amplifier or other linear circuit, if biased
alternately in the saturation and cut-off regions, then it is
being used as a switch, allowing current to flow or not to
flow in other parts of the circuit.
• With a zero signal applied to the Base of the transistor it
turns “OFF” acting like an open switch and zero collector
current flows.
• With a positive signal applied to the Base of the transistor it
turns “ON” acting like a closed switch and maximum circuit
current flows through the device.
Application of Bipolar Junction Transistor to turn on and off
the LED :
• There has to be sufficient current going into the base of the transistor, to
allow current to flow through the collector and emitter, and therefore the
Light Emmitting Diode (LED) in order for it to light up.

• If the base is shorted to ground, current will take that route to ground
instead of turning the Bipolar Junction Transistor “on”, and the LED
will not light up.
Fig. circuit to switch on and off the LED by using NPN
Type BJT as switch component.
Fig. circuit to switch on and off the LED by using PNP
Type BJT as switch component.
Advantages of Bipolar Junction Transistor :

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) has a large gain

bandwidth.
It shows better performance at high frequency.
It has a better voltage gain.
It can be operated in low or high power applications.
It has high current density.
• There is a low forward voltage drop
DISADVANTAGES OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION
TRANSISTOR :
The Bipolar junction transistor is more an effect of
radiation.
It has a very complex base control. So it may lead to
confusion and requires a skilful handling.
The switching frequency of a BJT is low.
It more noise produced.
• It has a low thermal stability.
Conclusion:
A complete tutorial on using Transistor as a
Switch. We need to learn the basics of
Bipolar Junction Transistor, regions of
operation of a Transistor, working of NPN
and PNP Transistors as Switch, practical
application of switching transistor.
Reference :
Basic Electronics – Notes
Provided by:-Prof. R. R. Vairagade
THANK
YOU