NATURAL DISASTERS

CLASS 9A2
???????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? What is an
NATURAL DISASTER ?
???????????????????????????
A natural disaster
???????????????????????????
 is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the
Earth
???????????????????????????
 can cause loss of life or damage property, eventually lead to
economic damage
???????????????????????????
And now we will discuss some types of disaster including:
 Volcanic eruption  Tornadoes
???????????????????????????
 Hurricanes  Storms
 Floods  Tsunamis
???????????????????????????
 Earthquakes  Other geological processes

???????????????????????????
 VOLCANIC ERUPTION
The Yellowstone Caldera
 Lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and volcanic blocks), and
assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure
 Three different types of eruptions: magmatic eruptions, phreatomagmatic
eruptions, phreatic eruptions La Garita Caldera
Where: in the San Juan volcanic field in the
 Caused by San Juan Mountains near the town of
o Gas release under decompression causing magmatic
Creede eruptions
in southwestern Colorado, United
o Thermal contraction from chilling onStates contact with water causing
When: 28 million years ago, during the
phreatomagmatic eruptions Oligocene Epoch.
o Ejection
Where: of entrained
the northwest particles during steam eruptions causing phreatic
corner of Wyoming
formed during the last of three Mount Ōkueyama
eruptions
When:
supereruptions
 Occurs inover the past 2.1 million years: Where: Kyushu. 
mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones
the Huckleberry Ridge, the Mesa Falls and the When: ~13.7 million years before present (13.7 Ma)
Lava Creek
HURRICANES
Hurricanes
A tropical cyclone
take energy from thethat forms
warm ocean waterover the stronger. While it is over warm water it
to become
will continue to grow. Because of low pressure at its center, winds flow towards the center and air is
Atlantic
forced upward.Ocean
High in theor northeastern
atmosphere, Pacific
winds flow away from the storm, which allows more air from
Ocean
below to rise. The air that rises needs to be warm and moist so that it forms the clouds of the storm. A
 The Saffir–Simpson
hurricane also needs the winds outside the storm to be light. These winds steer the storm, but are not
strong enough to disrupt it. hurricane wind scale
(SSHWS), classifies
 Uses warm,
into five categories
moist air as fuel,
distinguished by the
therefore only
intensities of their
form over warm
sustained winds
ocean waters near
the equator
 FLOODS
 A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry
 Caused by:
o Heavy rains
o Overflowing rivers, broken dams, urban drainage basins, storm surges
and tsunamis,
Vietnam’s Redchannels with steep sides, lack of vegetation and melting
River Delta 2018 Kerala floods
snow and ice
flood in North Vietnam China flood in 1931
in Kerala, India
 River floodplains and coastal areas are the most susceptible to flooding.
 Flooding and heavy rains rise 50% worldwide in a decade.
The more extreme weather patterns caused by long-term global climate
change and change in land cover—such as removal of vegetation— are
the main reasons why flood risk has increased globally.
 EARTHQUAKES

 An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking

of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the
Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
The 2004 Indian Ocean
 Caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This
earthquake and tsunami
sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground
shake. occurred on 26 December,
off the west coast of northern
 Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental
Sumatra, Indonesia
plates. Over 80 per cent of large earthquakes occur around the edges of
the Pacific Ocean, an area known as the 'Ring of Fire'; this where the
TheHistory’s
Pacific1960
plateValdivia
beingearthquake
isdeadliest
subducted on 22
beneath
earthquake May
- the 1960
the
1556 was the
surrounding
Shaanxi most powerful
plates.
earthquake -
earthquake everon
occurred recorded, affecting
23 January 1556southern
in ShaanxiChile, Hawaii,
province, Japan, the
China
Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia, and the Aleutian Islands
 TORNADOE
S
The Fujita scale is a scale for rating tornado intensity,
 A rapidly based
rotating columnonofthe
primarily airdamage
extending
tornadoes inflict on
from a thunderstorm to the structures
human-built surface ofand
thevegetation
Earth
 Typically stems from thunderstorms
 Wind shear (the change of direction and
speed of the wind with height) is one of the
most critical components for the formation
of a tornado. This can create a horizontal
spinning effect within a storm cell. The
rotating air of an updraft meets the rotating
air of a downdraft and creates a tornado
STORMS
Created when a center of low pressure develops with the system of high
pressure surrounding it. This combination of opposing forces can create
winds and result in the formation of storm clouds such as cumulonimbus.
Small localized areas of low pressure can form from hot air rising off hot
ground, resulting in smaller disturbances such as dust devils and whirlwinds
 TSUNAMIS
 A series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a
large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake
 Cause: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater
The explosions
2011 Tsunami (including
disasterdetonations, landslides, glacier calvings,
meteorite
Where: 11, 2011 and other disturbances) above Tsunami
March impacts Lisbon
or belowearthquake
aftermath
water
 About
When: the 80% of tsunamis
northeast coast occur in the Pacific Ocean, in but
and
Aceh,tsunami
Indonesia,
they are in
possible wherever Novemberlakes.
December
there are large bodies of water, including 2004
1755
of Honshu Island, the main
 Tsunamis
island in Japancause damage by two mechanisms:
o The smashing force of a wall of water travelling at high speed
o The destructive power of a large volume of water draining off the
land and carrying a large amount of debris with it
OTHER GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES

 Droughts  Cyclones
 Avalanche  Extreme temperature
 Landslides  Wild fires
 Sinkholes  Lightning
 Famines  Thunders
 HẢI DƯƠNG
MINH HIỀN

VÂN ANH

HOÀNG MAI

MINH PHƯƠNG

KHÔI NGUYÊN