DRR – 2nd Reviewer Landslides are common on volcanic cones because they are

tall, steep, and weakened by the rise and eruption of molten

Volcano - is a vent or opening in the crust of Earth or rock.
another planet or satellite, from which issue eruptions of
Debris avalanches are chaotic masses of rock, soil, ice, and
molten rock, hot rock fragments, and hot gases.
what ever debris is entrained into the flow.
A volcanic eruption - is an awesome display of Earth’s
Tsunami may be generated by the sudden displacement of
power. While eruptions are spectacular to watch, they can
water caused by a volcanic explosion.
cause disastrous loss of life and property, especially in
densely populated regions of the world. Geologic Hazard
The four main parts of a volcano are the chamber, the
A geologic hazard is an extreme natural events in the crust
conduit the vent, and the crater. The chamber is where the
of the earth that pose a threat to life and property, for
magma is stored. Magma is the molten rock that spews out
example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis
when a volcano erupts.
(tidal waves) and landslides.

Types of Geologic Hazards

An earthquake is an intense shaking of Earth's surface. The
shaking is caused by movements in Earth's outermost layer.

Earthquakes can result in the ground shaking, soil

liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches, fires and
tsunamis.

Flooding is an overflow of water on usually dry land. During

heavy rainfall, flooding can happen when ocean waves
arrive on land, when snow melts rapidly, or when dams or
Volcanoes are classified by the eruption type and by the levees fall.
volcanic cone shape. Geologists generally group volcanoes
A volcanic eruption is when lava and gas are released from
into four main kinds-- cinder cones, composite volcanoes,
a volcano— sometimes explosively. Volcanoes erupt when
shield volcanoes, and lava domes.
molten rock called magma rises to the surface.
Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant,or extinct.
A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock,
Volcanic hazard refers to any potentially dangerous debris, or earth down a slope.
volcanic process that puts human lives, livelihoods or
Types of landslides.
infrastructure at risk of harm.
a. Falls
Several hazards may affect the area around the volcano, such
b. Topples
as lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars, landslides and
c. Slides
debris avalanches. Volcanic activity also produces hazards
d. Flows
that can affect areas far from the volcano, such as tephra or
ash falls, releases of gas and tsunamis. Hydrometeorological Hazards
Primary Volcanic Hazards Is a natural process atmospheric, hydrological oceanographic
1. Lavaflow nature. Hydrometeorological hazards includes floods,
2. Ashfall droughts, landslides and storm
3. Pyroclastic Flow El Niño means Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish. It
4. Volcanic Earthquake occurs when surface water in the equatorial Pacific becomes
Secondary Volcanic Hazards warmer than average and east winds blow weaker than
normal.
1. Ground deformation
2. Lahar La Niña means Little Girl in Spanish. It occurs when
3. Landslide and debris equatorial trade winds become stronger, changing ocean
4. Tsunami surface currents and drawing cooler deep water up from
below. This results in a cooling of the central and eastern
A pyroclastic flow is a dense, fast- moving flow of solidified tropical Pacific Ocean.
lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases.
Typhoon originated from the Chinese tai (strong) and
Lava flows are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze fung (wind), is the term used to describe a tropical cyclone
from an erupting vent. in the Western Pacific Ocean. It forms when winds blow
into areas of the ocean where the water is warm.
The term tephra defines all pieces of all fragments of rock
ejected into the air by an erupting volcano. Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated by a
storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tides.
Volcanic ash is fine tephra, and terms such as lapilli, blocks,
and bombs are used to categorize larger fragments. A thunderstorm is a violent short-lived weather
disturbance that is almost always associated with lightning,
Volcanic earthquakes are produced by vibrations thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong
generated by the movement of magma or other fluids within gusty winds.
the volcano.

Ground deformation. A change to a volcanos ground

surface.

A lahar (an Indonesian term for volcanic mudflow) is a

slurry of rock debris and water that originates on the slopes
of volcanoes.
Fire Hazard
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the
exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat,
light, and various reaction products.

In order to produce fire there must be three things present

1. Fuel to be burned
2. Oxygen to aid in combustion *There are four stages of fire development: ignition,
3. Heat to raise the fuel to its ignition point growth, fully developed, and decay.

Fire Tetrahedron However, modern research has made fire
safety practitioners rethink and redefine the fire triangle to
add another component, the chain of chemical reactions.
Causes of Fire
Cooking fires are the primary cause of home fires and home
fire injuries. The majority of cooking equipment fires start
with the ignition of common household items (i.e., wall
coverings, paper or plastic bags, curtains, etc.)
Congress passed Republic Act (RA) No. 9514, otherwise
known as the “Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”. It is
the policy that state to ensure public safety, promote
economic development through the prevention of all kinds,
of destructive fires.
The BFP is mandated to ensure public safety through the
prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires;
enforce the Fire Code of the Philippines

Heating fires are the second leading cause of home fires.

Fixed and portable space heaters including wood stoves, are
involved in 74 percent of fire-related deaths.

A failure in the electrical components or wiring can lead to

electrical fires. Most electrical fires are caused by faulty
outlets, cables, circuit breakers, wires, or sockets that are not
properly grounded.

Cigarettes, candles and oil burners can all be dangerous

fire hazards. Careless disposal of smoking materials like
cigarettes and unattended lighted candle are one of the
leading causes of fatal residential fires.

Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to

or charring property. Suppose, for instance, a man starts a
fire in one building while intending for it to spread and
damage a neighboring building.

Classes of Fire

• Class A - fires involving solid materials such as

wood, paper or textiles.

• Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as

petrol, diesel or oils.

• Class C - fires involving gases.

• Class D - fires involving metals.

• Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.

(Technically ‘Class E’ doesn’t exists however this is
used for convenience here)

• Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as

in deep-fat fryers.