TYPES OF

EARTHQUAKES

-GROUP 2
 What is an earthquake?
 An earthquake is a sudden vibration of the earth
surface due to the rapid release of stored energy
between tectonic plates.

 It is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground,

sometimes causing great destruction, as a result
of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic
action.
FOUR TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE
 The earth crust is made up of unevenly
shaped slab of rocks called tectonic
plates. The energy stored here causes
the tectonic plates to move towards
away or push against each other. With
time the stored energy and the
movement of the tectonic plates build
up the enormous pressure within the
region between two plates.
CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKE
Volcanic Earthquakes
 What is a volcano?
A mountain or hill,
typically conical,
vent having a crater or
vent through which
molten rock
(magma), rock
cone fragments, hot
vapor, and gas are
or have been
erupted from the
earth's crust
conduit
 The volcano
includes the
surrounding cone
of erupted
magma material.
chamber
Volcanic Earthquakes
 Earthquakes related to volcanic activity may
produce hazards which include ground cracks,
ground deformation, and damage to manmade
structures.
 Earthquake activity beneath a volcano almost
always increases before an eruption because
magma and volcanic gas must first force their way
up through shallow underground fractures and
passageways. When magma and volcanic gases or
fluids move, they will either cause rocks to break or
cracks to vibrate.
Mt. St. Helen
Mt. Pinatubo
Pacific Ring of Fire

Volcanism is
mostly
focused at
plate
margins
Ring of Fire
 The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes
and is home to over 75% of the world's
active and dormant volcanoes
 The Ring of Fire is a direct result of
plate tectonics and the movement and
collisions of crustal plates
What causes the magma to escape the mantle and
come up through the crust of Earth?
 Subduction Zone Volcanoes
– Remember that subduction happens at
convergent plates
 Divergent Zone Volcanoes
– This results in ridges
 What are Hotspot Volcanoes?

 A hotspot is a location on the Earth's

surface that has experienced active
volcanism for a long period of time

The Hawaiian island chain are

examples of hotspot volcanoes.
Photo: Tom Pfeiffer / www.volcanodiscovery.com
 The tectonic plate moves over a fixed hotspot
forming a chain of volcanoes.

The volcanoes get younger from one end to the other.

Two types of Volcanic
Earthquakes:
 Volcano-Tectonic Earthquakes
-Earthquakes produced by stress changes in solid
rock due to the injection or withdrawal
of magma (molton rock)
 Long Period Earthquakes
- which are produced by the injection of magma
into surrounding rock. These earthquakes are a
result of pressure changes during the unsteady
transport of the magma.
COLLAPSE EARTHQUAKE
 are generally smaller and prevalent in small
towns where underground mines is located.

 Caused by seismic waves produced from the

explosion of rocks on the surface.

 The immediate cause of ground shaking is the

collapse of the roof of the mine or cavern. An
often- observed variation of this extraordinary
event is called "mine burst".
COLLAPSE EARTHQUAKE
Peru earthquake sparks mine collapse
- 17 feared missing
Peru earthquake sparks mine
collapse - 17 feared missing
Five coal miners die in Bosnia after
quake causes mine collapse
Five coal miners die in Bosnia after
quake causes mine collapse
 EXPLOSIVE EARTHQUAKE
 Explosive earthquake mostly happens during the
testing of nuclear weapons. We know that during
detonation of nuclear weapon big blast occurs and
a vast amount of energy releases. Sometimes
these blasts become the cause of the
earthquakes.
Japan earthquake_ explosion at
Fukushima nuclear plant
China chemical explosion 2019_
Jiangsu Tianjiayi