PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

JUDY ANN N. BALCITA

PR2 TEACHER
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Describe the characteristics ,
strengths and weaknesses of
quantitative research and
kinds of quantitative research.
 CHAPTER 1: NATURE OF
INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
 LESSON 1:
 CHARACTERISTICS;
 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES; AND
 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 WHAT IS
RESEARCH?
is “a process of scientific
thinking that leads to the
discovery or establishment
of new knowledge or
truth.”
 WHAT IS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH?
Quantitative research through the
use of computational procedures,
is an objective, methodological,
experiential investigation of
recognizable phenomena.
1. It is objective,
not subjective.
Precision and accuracy of
measurement and analysis is the
target of the concepts. Furthermore,
intuitions or guesses is not practice
or used in developing conclusions or
solution to a problem.
2. Research
questions are clearly
defined.
Familiarity of the topic of the
research have to be more focus so
that it will be clear to the readers
and researcher have to be
advance in what he is looking for.
3. Research
instrument is clearly
structured.
The instrument of the
study is well-organized
and plan and with
different dimensions and
scales.
4. Numerical
presentation of data.
Data are organized and
presented in the form of
numbers and statistics.
It is also presented in the form
of tables, charts, graphs and
figures that consolidate large
numbers of data to show trends,
relationships or differences
among variables.
5. Large Sample
Size
The greater the sample sizes the
most reliable data analysis. This
is to avoid biases in interpreting
the results. It also requires
normal population distribution
curve.
6. Replicated but
not duplicated
Reliable quantitative studies
can be replicated or repeated
but nor duplicated to verify
or confirm the correctness of
the results in another setting.
7. Data can be used to
predict future
outcomes or forecast.
Through complex mathematical
calculations and with the aid of
computers and formulated
formulas scenarios can be
predicting future results.
8. Data can be used to
verify existing facts
and develop new
concepts.
A research can validate an
existing fact. In some cases,
research can be used to develop
new ideas needed to make life
more comfortable.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

 Since it is objective and provides

numerical data, it can’t be easily
misinterpreted.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Statistical techniques was used to
facilitates sophisticated analyses
and allows you to comprehend a
huge amount of vital characteristics
of data.
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 The data in quantitative research
can be analyzed in a quick and
easy way.
 Replicable
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 By using questionnaire, checklist,
tests or standardized instrument,
the data can be gathered in a
quick and easy way.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

 It requires a large amount of

respondents. The larger sample, the
more or better the statistical
findings are.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 It is costly. Due to very large sample,
the expenses will be greater in
reaching put to these people and in
reproducing the questionnaires.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Elaboration on contextual is not
factors that can help the results or
to explain variation.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Researchers must be watchful on
respondents who are just guessing
in answering the research
instruments as some of them may
not reveal the real response due to
ethical issues.
WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Research instruments preparation
and validation may take time if no
standardized tools are available.
 1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
seeks to describe current status of
an identified variable; designed to
provide systematic information
about a phenomenon; no
manipulation of variables or search
for cause and effect related to the
phenomenon.
EXAMPLE

Ex. A description of
How second-grade students spend their time
during summer vacation
Tobacco habits of teenagers
How parents feel about twelve-month school year
Attitudes of scientists regarding global warming
Extent to which teachers use math manipulatives
2. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

attempts to determine the extent of a

relationship between two or more
variables using statistical data; designed
to recognize trends and patterns in data;
does not go far into investigating causes
for these patterns.
 EXAMPLE

Ex. The relationship between

Intelligence and self-esteem
Diet and anxiety
Aptitude test and success in physics course
Types of activities used in math class and
student’s achievement
Smoking and lung disease
3. CASUAL COMPARATIVE/ QUASI-
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
attempts to establish cause-effect
relationships among the variables;
researchers cannot randomly select
subjects/groups.
 EXAMPLE

Ex. The effect of

Taking vitamins on students’ school absenteeism
Gender on algebra achievement
Part-time employment on the achievement of high
school student
Magnet school participation on student attitude
Age on lung capacity
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

often called true experimentation, uses

scientific method to establish cause-effect
relationship among a group of variables
that make up a study; involves
manipulation of the independent variable to
determine effect on dependent variables;
subjects are randomly selected/assigned.
 EXAMPLE

 Ex. The effect of

A new treatment plan on a breast cancer
Positive reinforcement on attitude toward
school
Teaching with cooperative group strategy
approach on students’ achievement
Personalized instruction on computational skill
¼ sheet of paper.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if incorrect.
1.Research is advantageous not only
to students but to life as a whole.

2.Research can be done even

informally.
3. Research requires no step-by-step
procedure for as long as results are
obtained.

4. Empirical data should be gathered

and analyzed before arriving at a
conclusion.
5. Correlational research is also
called ex post facto.

6. A variable may not vary in a study.

7. The dependent variable is the
variable predicted.

8. A fewer number of respondents

is needed in a study to minimize
error.
9. Survey research is a descriptive
research

10. In a quantitative research,

respondents are given very limited
opportunity to elaborate their
responses.