PLUMBING AND LIGHTING

FIXTURES

ASSIGNMENT : 2
NAME: KASHISH RAKHEJA
COURSE : BSCID
ROLL NO:1/20/FAD/BSCID/002
SEMESTER: 5
SUBJECT : INTERIOR SERVICES SYSTEM
WHAT IS LIGHTING FIXTURES ?
• A light fixture , light fitting , or luminaire is an electrical device containing an electric lamp that
provides illumination. All light fixtures have a fixture body and one or more lamps. The lamps
may be in sockets for easy replacement—or, in the case of some LED fixtures, hard-wired in
place.
• Fixtures may also have a switch to control the light, either attached to the lamp body or
attached to the power cable. Permanent light fixtures, such as dining room chandeliers, may
have no switch on the fixture itself, but rely on a wall switch.
• Fixtures require an electrical connection to a power source, typically AC mains power, but some
run on battery power for camping or emergency lights. Permanent lighting fixtures are directly
wired. Movable lamps have a plug and cord that plugs into a wall socket.
• Light fixtures may also have other features, such as reflectors for directing the light, an aperture
(with or without a lens), an outer shell or housing for lamp alignment and protection, an
electrical ballast or power supply, and a shade to diffuse the light or direct it towards a
workspace (e.g., a desk lamp). A wide variety of special light fixtures are created for use in the
automotive lighting industry, aerospace, marine and medicine sectors.
 TYPES OF LIGHTING FIXTURES
• Task lighting
• Recessed lighting
• Under cabinet lighting
• chandeliers
• Ceiling light
• Pendant lighting
• Cove lighting
• Soffit lighting
• Task lighting
• Accent lighting
TRACK LIGHTING
• Track lighting is mounted or
suspended from the ceiling on a
linear unit that contains several
light heads, which can be
positioned anywhere along the
track. The direction of the heads
can also be adjusted. In this
room, the track lighting is used
to highlight the artwork and wall
and provide overall light for the
space.
RECESSED LIGHTING
• This light fixture is installed
above the ceiling and has an
opening that is flush with the
ceiling. Recessed lighting sends
a relatively narrow band of light
in one direction, so it can be used
to provide ambient, task or
accent lighting. The recessed
lighting in this kitchen adds
sufficient light without
overwhelming the space.
UNDER CABINET LIGHTING
• Mounted underneath kitchen
cabinets, this type of lighting is
extremely popular as task
lighting in a kitchen. The under-
cabinet lights in this kitchen
brighten up the room and
enhance the contemporary,
clean feel of the space.
CHANDELIERS
• Suspended from the ceiling,
chandeliers direct light upward.
They are typically installed over
a table or in a main entry foyer,
but they are not strangers to
bedrooms and bathrooms.
Chandeliers enhance the
decorative style of a room and
provide ambient lighting.
CEILING LIGHTS
• Ceiling lights are mounted
directly to the ceiling, with a
glass or plastic shade concealing
the light bulb. Ceiling fixtures
have been common in homes for
nearly 100 years. The ceiling
lights in this hallway
complement the chandelier that
is suspended from the ceiling.
PENDANT LIGHTING
• Suspended from the ceiling, a
pendant light directs light down.
It can easily enhance the
decorative style of a room and
add character. In this space, the
pendants are positioned to hang
low over the bed-side tables.
Photo courtesy of Lexington
Home Brands.
COVE LIGHTING
• There are three common forms
of architectural lighting, and
cove lighting is a popular form.
Cove lighting is placed in a ledge,
shelf or recess high up on a wall,
and the light is bounced toward
the ceiling or upper wall. In this
bedroom, the cove lighting
illuminates the ceiling above the
bed, adding a romantic feel.
SOFFIT LIGHTING
• Soffit lighting, another type of
architectural lighting, radiates
downward, washing the wall
with light. In this bedroom, soffit
lighting adds interesting
dimension behind the bed. 
TASK LIGHTING
• Task lighting is lighting that
illuminates a specific area and
makes the completion of a task
easier as opposed to ambient
lighting that sheds light on a
general area, or mood lighting
that illuminates for creating a
certain atmosphere or effect.
ACCENT LIGHTING
• Accent lighting focuses light on a particular
area or object. It is often used to highlight art
or other artifacts. Common types of accent
lights include wall sconces, floodlights,
recessed lights, torchère lamps, or track
lighting. The brighter light from the accent
lamp creates visual interest to a room. Accent
lights may also be used in practical
applications to shine light on a stairway, such
as in movie theaters, or to light walkways.
Some accent lights aren't made to shine on a
particular object, but are themselves a piece of
art with a self-contained light source. Often
made with Tiffany glass, these serve as a piece
of functional decor for a home.
 WHAT IS PLUMBING FIXTURES?
• A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected
to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water
example of a plumbing fixture
• The most common plumbing fixtures are faucets, sinks, bathtubs,
showers, and toilets. Each fixture should have a shut off valve, or stop
valve, installed for each water supply line that leads to the fixture.
WASH BASINS
• Wash basins are the plumbing fixtures
provided for washing hands and face
and brushing teeth in a standing
position. These are usually made of
glazed earthenware or vitreous china.
Sometimes these are also made of
enamelled iron, stainless steel or
plastic, especially where the number
of users is more. The wash basins may
be of either flat back pattern for fixing
on walls, or angle back pattern for
fixing at the junction of two walls.
SINKS
• Sinks are the plumbing fixtures
provided in kitchens for cleaning
utensils. These are also provided
in laboratories for cleaning
laboratory ware. Sinks are
usually of rectangular shape and
are made of glazed earthen ware
or vitreous china, cement
concrete with or without
terrazzo finish, marble, stainless
steel and enamelled iron.
BATH TUBS
• Bath tubs are the plumbing
fixtures provided in the bath
rooms for taking bath. These are
usually made of glazed
earthenware or vitreous china,
cement concrete finished with
terrazzo or glazed porcelain tiles
or marble titles and enamelled
iron. The bath tubs are provided
with a circular waste hole at the
bottom for draining.
WATER CLOSETS
• A water closet is a pan like water flushed
plumbing fixture designed to receive human
excreta directly from the user. It is made of
vitreous porcelain and is connected to the soil
pipe by means of a trap. The inside surface of
the water closet and the trap is made smooth
by glazing in order to ensure an efficient flush.
• The water closet has an integral flushing rim
with adequate number of holes to spread the
flushing water. The water closet also has an
inlet or supply horn for connecting a flushing
cistern or a flushing pipe fitted with regulating
valve, to flush the water closet and discharge
the human excreta to the soil pipe.
CISTERNS
• Flushing cisterns are the plumbing fixtures
provided for flushing out water closets and
urinals. These are made of cast iron, glazed
earthenware or vitrecous china, or plastic. For
Indian type water closets normally cast iron
flushing cisterns are used which are fixed with
their bottom at a height of 1.25 m above the
top of the closet pans and these are known as
high level flushing cisterns.
• For European type and Anglo- Indian type
water closets usually flushing cisterns of
vitreous china or plastic are used which are
fixed with their bottom at a height of 0.3 m
above the top of the closet pans and these are
known as low level flushing cisterns.
WATER PIPING SIZING CHART
THANKYOU