Learning aim D:

Investigate the roles of

professionals and how
they work together to
provide the care and
support necessary to
meet individual needs

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D1 How agencies work together to meet individual care and support needs
Role of organisations responsible for commissioning healthcare services, e.g. Clinical
Commissioning Groups in England, Local Health Boards in Wales, Health and Social Care Board in
Northern Ireland; formation, organisation roles and members

There are a number of key organisations responsible for the commissioning of healthcare
services

Clinical Commissioning Groups: Local Health Boards in Wales

• Created following the Health and Social
Care Act 2012.
• Replaced Primary are Trusts in 2013.
• Enabled GPs to commission services for
their local community along with other
health professionals.
• CCGs’ governing bodies are made up of
GP, Nurse and secondary care
representatives and at least two people
who are not part of the NHS.
• All GP practices have to be a member
of a CCG.
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• Formed in October 2009
• Consists of seven Health Boards working
alongside three NHS Trusts
• To redesign the delivery of the NHS in
Wales,
• to improve health outcomes and deliver
care effectively with its partners.
• Responsible for planning, funding and
delivering primary care services such as
GPs, pharmacies,
• Strong emphasis on public health and long-
term planning
• Also look at complaints against GPs,
dentists, pharmacists.
D1 How agencies work together to meet individual care and support needs
Role of organisations responsible for commissioning healthcare services, e.g. Clinical
Commissioning Groups in England, Local Health Boards in Wales, Health and Social Care Board in
Northern Ireland; formation, organisation roles and members

Health and Social Care Board in Northern Ireland

• Accountable to the Health Minister
• Formed in April 2009
• Consists of five Local Commissioning Groups and five Health and
Social Care Trusts (covering the same local areas)
• To reform and modernise the management of health and social
care services
• To integrate provision of services in an efficient, effective and
economic manner
• Effective commissioning of health and social care services,
resource management, performance management and service
improvement

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D1 How agencies work together to meet individual care and support needs
Role of bodies responsible for integrating health and social care, e.g. Health and Wellbeing
Boards (HWB).

• Health and wellbeing boards were established under the Health and
Social Care Act 2012 to act as a forum in which key leaders from the
local health and care system could work together to improve the
health and wellbeing of their local population.
• The HWBs enable different organisations to work together in planning
and delivering local services. For example, the NHS, Adult social care
services, Children’s services and Youth services.
• Health and Wellbeing Boards are where representatives from the
health and social care sector work together to improve the health and
well-being of their local population.
• They report to the clinical commissioning groups and local authorities.
• These boards are at the centre of the Care and Health Improvement
Programme, introduced in April 2015, which aims to help HWBs
develop their leadership and better support the integration of services

https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/health-wellbeing-boards-explained
Read the information in the link and add to the notes that you have.

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D1 How agencies work together to meet individual care and support needs
Role of organisations responsible for commissioning social care services, e.g. local authorities.

• Local authorities’ statutory responsibilities for public

health services are set out in the Health and Social
Care Act 2012
• Local authorities commission social services to
achieve personalised, community based support that
promotes health and wellbeing by using evidence,
local knowledge, skills and resources as best they
can.
• Local authorities work in close partnership with
other organisations, such as housing and NHS
partners, using guidance such as the Adult Social
Care Outcomes Framework, Making it Real
statements and the Public Health Outcomes
Framework.

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D1 How agencies work together to meet individual care and support needs
Role of assessment and eligibility frameworks, to include Common Assessment Framework
(CAF), the National Eligibility Criteria (Care Act 2014), Department of Health, National
Framework for NHS Continuing Healthcare. The Education, Health and Care plan (EHC
http://greatermanchesterscb.proceduresonline.c
om/pdfs/caf_guidance_practitioners.pdf National Eligibility Criteria (Care Act
Additional reading 2014) or the Care and Support (Eligibility
Criteria) Regulations 2014.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFb_lvqzJXw
Sets out national eligibility criteria for
CAF Training video
access to adult care and support and for
dorsetforyou webteam
access to carer support.
Watch the clip and make notes.
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/201
What is CAF? 4/9780111124185
Try to record some of the examples given about Additional reading
some of the people they have helped, why that
person needed help, what help they received etc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki52
0qAjNTg
The Department of Health Education, Health and Care plans
• Sets national policy Educationgovuk
• Creates legislation
• Allocates funding for health care Make notes from the clip.
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-
health/about
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D2 Roles and responsibilities of key professionals on multidisciplinary teams
Multidisciplinary teams, members and formation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGkI49lIA2I
Health and Social Care Multi-Disciplinary Team Meetings
NHS Newham Clinical Commissioning Group

What is a multidisciplinary team?

What type of things do they discuss?
Who is involved?

D2 Roles and responsibilities of key professionals on multidisciplinary teams

Specific roles and responsibilities relating to meeting individual needs of a variety of health
and care professionals in a multidisciplinary team, to include:

Before we start this section can you create a list of all of the health care
professionals that you can think of? Split them up into the groups below.

Health Care Social Care Education Allied Health Voluntary Sector

professionals professionals Professionals Professionals workers

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 D2 Roles and responsibilities of key professionals on multidisciplinary teams
Specific roles and responsibilities relating to meeting individual needs of a variety of health
and care professionals in a multidisciplinary team, to include:

Health Care Social Care Education Allied Health Voluntary Sector

professionals professionals Professionals Professionals workers
• G.P • Social worker • SENCO • Speech and • Macmillan
• Nurse • Occupational • Educational language nurses
• Clinical therapist psychologist therapist • Family
Psychologist • Dieticians support
• Paediatrician • Orthoptists workers
• radiographers

In groups research
the roles and
responsibilities of
each of the health
care professionals in
RED. Look at the
example opposite.
Roles Responsibilities
Nurse • Provide hands-on care to Help patients, e.g. by
patients administering medicines,
• Provide emotional monitoring conditions,
support to patients and maintaining records, providing
their families health promotion and other
information, communicating
with doctors

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How multi-agency and multidisciplinary teams work together to provide co-ordinated support,
e.g. an autistic child may have involvement with the following agencies and professionals: NHS
(GP, paediatrician, clinical psychologist, counsellor, speech and language therapist), local
authority and education services (social worker, SENCO, educational psychologist), and the
voluntary sector (family support officers from the National Autistic Society).

Each of the following people need support from a multi-disciplinary team. Who would
be in each team and what help would they provide?

Sasha is 37. She is pregnant and also had a

neurological condition.
Sarah is 13 and suffers from Anorexia
Kamal is 40 and has recently been diagnosed
with diabetes.
Ben is 7 and has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and is Dyslexic.
For Sasha (EXAMPLE)
Her G.P will most likely refer her to an
obstetrician. An obstetrician will care
for her more complex needs during
pregnancy. A midwife who will do
some routine test and take care of
Sasha during labour. A neurologist who
may look at any medication she is
taking and liaise with the obstetrician.

Lucy is 3 years old and says very few words.

Most things that she says are not clear or easily
understood.
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How multi-agency and multidisciplinary teams work together to provide co-ordinated support,
e.g. an autistic child may have involvement with the following agencies and professionals: NHS
(GP, paediatrician, clinical psychologist, counsellor, speech and language therapist), local
authority and education services (social worker, SENCO, educational psychologist), and the
voluntary sector (family support officers from the National Autistic Society).

Tim is 45 and lives alone. He suffers from epilepsy and can often have fits. Tim suffers from
depression and often doesn’t bother to take his medication as he can’t see much point.

Carole is 19 and lives at home with her mother. She is morbidly obese and doesn't go outside.
She has very few friends and spends most of her time on social media in order to communicate
with others. Her mother is worried about her and often gives into Carole when she wants to
eat ‘junk’ like foods such as chocolate and crisps. Carole says that she eats because it comforts
her when she is feeling down.

1. What input might each person require from the NHS, Social Services and Voluntary
Services?
2. Why is the involvement of different agencies necessary to meet the needs of each
individual?
3. Explain the roles and responsibilities of different members of the multidisciplinary team
that you have identified.
4. Assess the benefits of multi-disciplinary and multi-agency working for these individuals with
care and support needs.

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 Learning Aim D P6

Explain why meeting the needs of the individuals requires the

involvement of different agencies

What could you include in this

Explain section?
Give reasons for how
or why something
happens; you need to
give examples.

What am I being asked

to do?

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 Learning Aim D P7

Explain the roles and responsibilities of different members of the

multidisciplinary team in meeting the needs of specific individuals

Have you explained the difference between a role

and a responsibility?
For a particular individual which professionals are
Explain involve din their care? Why have they not got just
Give reasons for how one professional?
or why something Have you explain what multidisciplinary means?
happens; you need to Have you explain each professional that is
give examples. involved with one individual and what that
professionals role and responsibility is?
What else could you include here?

What am I being asked

to do?

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 Learning Aim D M5

Assess the benefits of multidisciplinary and multi-agency

working for specific individuals with care and support needs.

Assess
Have you discussed the difference between
Consider several
multidisciplinary and multi-agency?
options or arguments
What benefits are their to certain
and weigh them up so
individuals with this type of approach?
as to come to a
What lese do you need to include here?
conclusion about their
effectiveness or
validity

What am I being asked

to do?

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 D3 Maintaining confidentiality
Definition of confidentiality.
In B1 we touched on confidentiality. Can you create a definition for the term ‘confidentiality’?
Confidentiality is about protecting personal information. Information includes names, date of
birth, age, gender and medical history.
How do health care workers maintain
confidentiality? (In pairs think of a range of
ways)
1. Keeping yourself informed of relevant
laws.
2. Keeping information locked away or
password protected.
3. Sharing information only with people who
are entitled to have access to the
information, e.g. other people in the
multidisciplinary team, service users and
their carers or families (depending on the
situation)
4. Being professional about how information
is shared
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1. Keeping yourself informed of relevant
laws.
• Law and the underpinning values of care
practice state all health and social care
professionals maintain people’s
confidentiality at all times.
• The law sets out duties known as the
common law of confidentiality
• Data Protection Act 1998 aims to protect
the right of the individual to privacy with
respect to the processing of personal
data.
• The Human Rights Act 1998 reflects this
when it says that everyone has a right to
respect for private and family life.
 D3 Maintaining confidentiality
2. Keeping information locked away or
password protected
• information stored on paper should be kept
• You need to keep yourself informed of,
locked away when not in use.
and up to date with, the relevant laws.
• It’s important to think about where they
• All organisation or workplace in the
should be stored, how to keep them safe,
health and social care sector must have
who can have access to them, how long
a confidentiality policy, as well as
they should be kept, what information
procedures in place that must be
should be stored and how often it needs to
followed with regard to breaching of
be reviewed and updated.
confidentiality.
• Some form of electronic patient record
• A guide to confidentiality in health and
(EPR) system is in place in most GP practices
social care (2013) gives clear user-
and hospitals, and is used to record
friendly guidance for processing
information about a patient’s medical
confidential information about an
history, diagnosis and treatment.
individual’s care.
• As people can now make appointments and
order prescriptions via their computer,
smart phone or other devices, it is
necessary to have secure passwords and
networks to avoid unauthorised people
accessing an individual’s personal
information.
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 D3 Maintaining confidentiality

Sharing information only with people who
are entitled to have access to the
information
• Information should only be shared with
others on a need-to-know basis.
• for example other people in a multi-
disciplinary team.
• You should not share with anyone else,
even a person’s family or friends, without
an individuals permission.
There are exceptions:
• If a person is at risk of harming others
• Is at risk of harming themselves
• Is at risk of being hurt by others
• When there is a risk of a serious offence
being carried out.
Being professional about how information
is shared
• Ask the individual concerned for their
agreement to pass it on information
about them.
• Information passed on needs to be
accurate.
• Information should never be passed on
in an offensive way, or anywhere
where it can be overheard.

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D3 Maintaining confidentiality
Codes of practice for care workers establishing importance of confidentiality
• Confidential information refers to
information that is of a personal or
sensitive nature and that is not available
to the public domain.
• All information sharing in health and
social care is guided by the Caldicott
Principles.
• These were revised in 2013 to take into
consideration the boundaries of
confidentiality in relation to safeguarding.
Caldicott Principles : A set of standards
aimed at improving information handling in
health and social care from a review
commissioned by the Chief Medical Officer of
England.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbVfzMSZtJ8
Make some notes on some of the rules of confidentiality
and Caldicott principles
NHS Information Governance
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These principles are the following.
• Justify the purpose(s): The use and
purpose of all confidential information
within or from an organisation should
be scrutinised to make sure it is
necessary.
• Don’t use personally confidential data
unless it is absolutely necessary: only
use personally identifiable information
if there is no alternative.
• Use the minimum necessary personal
confidential data: if it is essential to use
personally identifiable information,
then only the item required should be
disclosed. For example, the whole of a
person’s medical details should not be
sent if only one small part is needed.
• Access to personal confidential data
should be on a strict need-to-know
basis: only those people who need
access to the information should have
access to it.
D3 Maintaining confidentiality
Codes of practice for care workers establishing importance of confidentiality

• Everyone with access to personal

confidential data must understand their
responsibilities. Anyone handling the
information should understand the need to
respect the service user’s confidentiality.
• Comply with the law. Every use of personal
confidential data must comply with legal
requirements. There should be someone in
every organisation who is responsible for
making sure that the organisation complies
with the law.
• The duty to share information can be as
important as the duty to protect individuals’
confidentiality. Health and social care
professionals should have the confidence to
share information in the best interests of
individuals and they should be supported
by the policies of their employers,
regulators and professional bodies

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D3 Maintaining confidentiality
Relevant aspects of legislation, e.g. Health and Social Care Act 2012.

Human Rights Act 1998 Find information on the legislations

Data Protection Act 1998 listed opposite. How can you link
Health and Social Care Act 2012 confidentiality to those pieces of
legislation?

https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/articles/human-rights-act-1998
http://www.scie.org.uk/care-act-2014/safeguarding-adults/sharing-information/what-d
oes-the-law-say.asp
https://www.gov.uk/data-protection/the-data-protection-act
http://content.digital.nhs.uk/media/12822/Guide-to-confidentiality-in-health-and-socia
l-care/pdf/HSCIC-guide-to-confidentiality.pdf
Use the links above to get you started.

Role of the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC)

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/health-and-social-care-information-c
entre/about
Read the information in the link above. Who are the HSCIC? What do they do?
How do they help to maintain confidentiality?

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D4 Managing information
Working practices for managing information

There are several working practices for managing information. Take each one of the
following heading and try to explain why the procedure is important when managing
information and what rules may be in place when gathering information in this way?

Identifying why information is needed

Identifying what information is needed

Searching for the information

So for example on element of Searching
for the information, could be : When
asking for personal information, a service
provider should inform the individual that
the information will be recorded and that
it may be shared, in order to provide
appropriate care
Using information ethically and legally
Another example for identifying why
information is needed could be :
Organisations need information to formally
identify an individual. They ask you for key
pieces of information such as your date of
birth, surname, address etc.

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D4 Managing information
Working practices for managing information

Identifying why information is needed

• Organisations need information to formally
identify an individual. Think about when
you last rang to make a doctors Identifying what information is needed
• An individuals records are made by the
appointment or dentist appointment. They
ask you for key pieces of information such service provider to support that
as your date of birth, surname, address etc. person’s care. Information will include
• This avoids mistakes, such as the wrong the individual’s name, address and
treatment being given or information sent date of birth.
• Additional data may also be required:
to the wrong address, resulting in delays or
the wrong person seeing confidential for example, a hospital number and
information. NHS number, medical history and
• Service providers will also need information medical details, such as images (X-rays,
about an individual in order to identify, scans)
provide and monitor care and support.
• Records need to be legible, factual, clear,
dated, consistent and accurate. Individuals
have the right to see their own records.

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Searching for the information
• When asking for personal information, a
service provider should inform the individual
that the information will be recorded and
that it may be shared, in order to provide
appropriate care.
• An individual’s personal information may be
used to support other work, such as research.
• Any information required should be gained
directly from the individual unless they are
unable to provide it. For example, an infant
or child, an unconsciousness person, or a
person with a physical or mental condition
that makes them unable to communicate.
• Individuals should be told where they can
find more information to help them
understand what is happening to them, such
as websites and information leaflets.
• If a service provider needs information from
another provider, such as a doctor,
permission should be obtained from the
individual to pass those records on.
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Working practices for managing information
Using information ethically and legally
• Individuals trust service providers to
gather sensitive information relating
to their health and other matters, so
it is legally and ethically essential
that the information is kept
confidentially.
• Information should not be used or
disclosed in a way that can identify
the person without their consent.
• The extent to which information
needs to be shared to meet a
individual’s needs should be
disclosed to the individual.
• If an individual decides that they are
not happy for their information to be
disclosed then it should be made
clear that this might mean that it will
not be possible to offer certain
treatment options
The importance of sharing information with colleagues, other professionals, the individual with
care needs and their family.
• Relevant information is shared with
colleagues and other health and social care
providers to make sure that a person gets
the care and support they need.
• It is also important to share as much
information as possible with an individual
and their family. This ensures that everyone
is informed and reassured that the best
possible care is being given, and helps them
to prepare for what happens next.
• However, there should always be protocols
in place that set out the principles and
procedures for sharing confidential
information.
• If someone telephones or appears in person
asking for information about an individual,
the service provider must check that the
person asking is who they say they are, and
that they have the right to access the
information.
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D4 Managing information
Impact of new technologies on managing
information
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD4
QiquLZiw
We share because we care: sharing
health records in the NHS
What are the advantages of electronic
patient records?
What happens when you ring your
doctors surgery to make an
appointment?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2e
iiBujIv4
Taking the hassle out of healthcare
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• The HSCIC’s vision is that, by 2020, there
will be full service user access to national
and local dat.
• Individuals will be able to view and manage
their own records, communicate with care
providers and increasingly manage their
own health, care and wellbeing.
• The HSCIC has set out a strategy with five
objectives towards achieving this vision
• Ensure that every citizen’s data is protected.
• Establish shared architecture and standards
so that everyone benefits.
• Implement services that meet national and
local needs.
• Support health and care organisations in
getting the best from technology, data and
information.
• Make better use of health and care
information
D4 Managing information
Bodies that control the management of information, e.g. the National Adult Social Care
Intelligence Service (NASCIS)

• The National Adult Social Care
Intelligence Service (NASCIS)
• single national resource of social care
information for England.
• Website has a collection of data, tools
and resources designed to meet the
needs of service planners, managers,
researchers and policy makers and
others.
You can view and download data on:
•Referrals, assessments and packages of care
•Adult social care activity
•Social care expenditure
•Abuse of vulnerable adults
•Adult and Social Care Outcomes Framework
•User experience survey
•Joint strategic needs assessment

• The Information Commissioner’s Office

(ICO)
• Upholds information rights in the public
interest, promoting openness by public
bodies and data privacy for individuals.
• https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-w
e-do/
• Additional reading
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D4 Managing information
Legislation and codes of practice that relate to the storage and sharing of information in health
and social care. Legislation and codes of practice must be current and applicable to England,
Wales or Northern Ireland

Data Protection Act 1998 Freedom of Information Act 2000

• Main piece of legislation that governs
the protection of personal data in the
UK
• Controls how your personal information
is used by everyone responsible for
using data, by providing rules called data
protection principles
• Provides legal protection for more
sensitive personal data
• Gives you the right to access to your
own personal data
• Enables health and social care providers
to share information with other
professionals directly involved in
providing clinical care
• Provides public access to information
held by public authorities in England,
Wales and Northern Ireland, and UK-
wide public authorities based in Scotland
• Does not give access to your own
personal data
• Makes public authorities accountable for
their actions. Allows public debate to be
better informed and, therefore, more
productive

©Outstanding Resources 2017

D4 Managing information
Legislation and codes of practice that relate to the storage and sharing of information in health
and social care. Legislation and codes of practice must be current and applicable to England,
Wales or Northern Ireland
Mental Health Act 2007
• Care Quality Commission (CQC) codes of
• Allows people in England and Wales
practice
to be admitted to hospital, detained
• CQC is an independent body that speaks up
and treated against their consent, for
for the rights of people who use care
their own health and safety and for
services, their families and carers, and
that of others, so allows the storing
checks that services stick to the Health and
and sharing of their personal
Social Care Act 2008
information without their consent
• One example is the 2010 code of practice
for health and adult social services in
Mental Capacity Act 2005 England, which:
• Requires professionals to consider a • sets out the practices to be followed in
person’s mental capacity to consent to obtaining, handling, using and disclosing
share information confidential personal information
• Outlines correct procedures for making • is based on a set of nine principles
decisions in the best interest of a person • includes a necessity test to decide whether
who lacks the mental capacity to it is necessary to obtain, use or disclose
consent personal information

©Outstanding Resources 2017

D4 Managing information
Legislation and codes of practice that relate to the storage and sharing of information in health
and social care. Legislation and codes of practice must be current and applicable to England,
Wales or Northern Ireland

The Health and Care Professions Council

(HCPC) codes of practice

• HCPC is a regulator set up to protect the

public, by keeping a register of health and
social care professionals who meet HCPC
standards for training, professional skills,
behaviour and health
• Confidentiality – guidance for registrants
2008, slightly amended in 2012, sets out the
standards of conduct, performance and
ethics expected from the professionals it
regulates, including management of
information

©Outstanding Resources 2017

 Learning Aim D P8

Explain the arrangements for managing information between professionals.

What arrangements are in place for

professionals when it comes to
Explain passing information from one
Give reasons for how person to another?
or why something For each arrangement state why
happens; you need to this is important.
give examples. Does this link to any other areas you
have studied, for example
confidentiality?
What else can you include in this
section.

What am I being asked

to do?

©Outstanding Resources 2017

 Learning Aim D M6

Analyse the impact of legislation and codes of practice relating to information

management on multidisciplinary working.

Analyse
Break an issue into its separate parts. Look in depth at
each part using supporting arguments and evidence for
and against as well as how these interrelate (connect) to
one another.

What am I being asked

to do?

©Outstanding Resources 2017

 Learning Aim D D3

Justify how organisations and professionals work together to meet individual

needs while managing information and maintaining confidentiality.

Justify
Give a reason to support an argument/ give an
explanation for something/ defend a point of view. This
might reasonably involve discussing and discounting
alternative views or actions. There may be positives and
negatives.
What do you need to include in this section?

What am I being asked

to do?

©Outstanding Resources 2017

 Learning Aim D D4

Evaluate how multi-agency and multidisciplinary working can meet the care and
support needs of specific individuals.

EVALUATE
Give your verdict as to what extent a statement or
findings within a piece of research are true, or to
what extent you agree with them. Provide
evidence taken from a wide range of sources which
both agree with and contradict an argument. Come
to a final conclusion, basing your decision on what
you judge to be the most important factors and
justify how you have made your choice.

What am I being asked

to do?

©Outstanding Resources 2017