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AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROCESS & STAGES &

REQUIREMENTS
Lecture -2
Classification or Aircrafts
Classification of Aircrafts
This classification is based on the following features of the configuration:
 a) Shape, number and position of wing.
 b) Type of fuselage.
 c) Location of horizontal tail.
 d) Location and number of engines.
Number of wings
Classification of Aircrafts
Position of wing
Monowing:
Classification of Aircrafts
Shapes of the wing:
Classification of Aircrafts
Wing sweep:
Classification of Aircrafts
Tailplanes & Foreplanes:
Classification of Aircrafts
Dihedral & Anhedral:
Classification of Aircrafts
Depends on Aspect Ratio:
Classification of Aircrafts
Depends on Aspect Ratio:
Classification of Aircrafts
Other Types:

All above pictures are taken from https://www.lavionnaire.fr/VocableWings.php

Classification of Aircrafts
Classification of Aircrafts
Types of Fuselages:
Classification of Aircrafts
Types of Fuselages:
Classification of Aircrafts
Types of Fuselages:
Classification of Aircrafts
Types of Tail designs:
Classification of Aircrafts
Types of Tail designs:
Classification of Aircrafts
Stability of the Wing configuration:
Classification of Aircrafts

Factors affecting the configuration:

(I) Aerodynamics
- factors like lift, drag and mainly interference
effects
(II) Low structural weight
- high strength to weight ratio material
- aerofoil with high thickness ratio
- wing with low aspect ratio
- relieving loads (e.g. wing mounted engines)
Classification of Aircrafts
Factors affecting the configuration:
(III) Lay-out peculiarities

- quick loading and unloading

(IV) Manufacturing procedures

(V) Cost and operational economics
- The total operating cost of an
airplane is the sum of the direct
operating cost (DOC) and the indirect
operating cost (IOC)
(VI) Interaction between various features