WT Unit - 3 Servlets

WEB TECHNOLOGIES
PRASAD B
Assoc. Prof.
Dept. of Computer and Engineering
Email: bprasad@mlritm.ac.in
PALLAVI
AssT. Prof.
Dept. of Computer and Engineering
Email: pallavi_kkreddy@mlritm.ac.in
UNIT - 3
Objective
• To introduce Server side programming with Java

Servlets and JSP
UNIT - 3
Scope
• Servlets plays an important role in many different IT systems.
• Servlets is often used for distributing data over the Internet.
• It is important (for all types of software developers!) to have a
good understanding of servlets
UNIT – 3
Course Outcomes
• Gain Knowledge on how to write a simple applications with

technologies like HTML, PHP, XML, JavaScript, AJAX, Servlets
and JSPs.
• Able to write a server side java application called Servlet to
catch form data sent from client, process it and store it on
database
UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
Client - Server Model
PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

Asst. Prof, Dept. of CSE,
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Client Server Architecture

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Client Server Architecture
of the Internet

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Introduction – Server
1. Web-Server
2. Application-Server

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Server

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Web-Server

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Application-Server

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HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
1. Requests
2. Responses
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HTTP - Requests

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HTTP - Responses

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HTTP – Methods

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HTTP Method - POST

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HTTP Method - PUT

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HTTP Method - GET

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HTTP Method - DELETE

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HTTP Method - HEAD

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HTTP Method - CONNECT

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HTTP Method - OPTIONS

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HTTP Method - TRACE

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HTTP - Status Codes

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UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
SERVLET - Introduction
PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

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Servlet
 Servlet Technology is used to create web applications.
 Servlet technology uses Java language to create web
applications.
As Servlet Technology uses Java, web applications made using Servlet
are Secured, Scalable and Robust.

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CGI
(Common Gateway Interface)

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CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
Before Servlets, CGI programming was used to create web applications.

Here's how a CGI program works :
User clicks a link that has URL to a dynamic page instead of a static page.
The URL decides which CGI program to execute.
Web Servers run the CGI program in seperate OS shell. The shell includes OS
enviroment and the process to execute code of the CGI program.
The CGI response is sent back to the Web Server, which wraps the response in
an HTTP response and send it back to the web browser.

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Drawbacks of CGI programs
 High resposne time because CGI programs execute in their own
OS shell.
 CGI is not scalable.
 CGI programs are not always secure or object-oriented.
 It is Platform dependent.
Because of these disadvantages, developers started looking for better CGI
solutions. And then Sun Microsystems developed Servlet as a solution over
traditional CGI technology.
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Advantages of using Servlets
 Less response time because each request runs in a
separate thread.
 Servlets are scalable.
 Servlets are robust and object oriented.
 Servlets are platform independent.

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Servlet Life Cycle

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How a Servlet Application works

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UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
Servlet API
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17802_01/products/products/servlet/2.1/api/
packages.html

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Servlet API
Servlet API consists of two important packages that
encapsulates all the important classes and interface, namely :
1. javax.servlet
2. javax.servlet.http

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javax.servlet

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javax.servlet
 The javax.servlet package contains many interfaces and classes
that are used by the servlet or web container.
 These are not specific to any protocol.

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Interfaces in javax.servlet package
There are many interfaces in javax.servlet package. They are as
follows:
1. Servlet
2. ServletConfig
3. ServletContext
4. ServletRequest
5. ServletResponse
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Classes in javax.servlet package
There are many classes in javax.servlet package. They are as
follows:
1. GenericServlet
2. ServletInputStream
3. ServletOutputStream
4. ServletException
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Interface - javax.servlet

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Interface - javax.servlet.servlet
public interface Servlet
 This interface is for developing servlets.
 The Servlet interface defines methods to initialize a servlet, to receive and
respond to client requests, and to destroy a servlet and its resources.
 These are known as life-cycle methods, and are called by the network service in
the following manner:
 Servlet is created then initialized.
 Zero or more service calls from clients are handled
 Servlet is destroyed then garbage collected and finalized

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Method Description
init(ServletConfig) Initializes the servlet.
destroy() Cleans up whatever resources are being held (e.g.,

memory, file handles, threads) and makes sure that any
persistent state is synchronized with the servlet's current
in-memory state.
getServletConfig() Returns a servlet config object, which contains any

initialization parameters and startup configuration for
this servlet.
service(ServletRequest, Carries out a single request from the client.

ServletResponse)
getServletInfo() Returns a string containing information about the

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such as its author, version, and copyright.
Interface - javax.servlet.ServletConfig
public interface ServletConfig
 This interface is implemented by services in order to pass
configuration information to a servlet when it is first loaded.
 A service writer implementing this interface must write
methods for the servlet to use to get its initialization
parameters and the context in which it is running.

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Method Description
getServletName Returns the name of the servlet.
getInitParameter (String name) Returns the parameter value for the specified
parameter name.
Enumeration Returns an enumeration of all the initialization

getInitParameterNames() parameter names.
ServletContext getServletContext() Returns an object of ServletContext.

Interfaces - javax.servlet.ServletContext
public interface ServletContext
 The ServletContext interface gives servlets access to
information about their environment, and allows them to log
significant events.
 Servlet writers decide what data to log. The interface is
implemented by services, and used by servlets.

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Method Description
Object Returns the attribute for the specified name.

getAttribute(String name)
setAttribute(String Sets the given object in the application scope.

name,Object object)
getServerInfo() Returns the name and version of the network

service under which the servlet is running.
log(String) Writes the given message string to the servlet

log file.
getMimeType(String) Returns the mime type of the specified file, or

null if not known.
Interface - javax.servlet.ServletRequest
public interface ServletRequest
 This interface is for getting data from the client to the servlet
for a service request.
 Network service developers implement the ServletRequest interface.
 The methods are then used by servlets when the service method is
executed; the ServletRequest object is passed as an argument to the
service method.

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Method Description
getAttribute(String). Returns the value of the named attribute of the request, or null if the attribute
does not exist
getAttributeNames() Returns an enumeration of attribute names contained in this request.
getContentLength() Returns the size of the request entity data, or -1 if not known.
getContentType() Returns the Internet Media Type of the request entity data, or null if not
known.
getInputStream() Returns an input stream for reading binary data in the request body.
getProtocol() Returns the protocol and version of the request as a string of the
form <protocol>/<major version>.<minor version>.
getReader() Returns a buffered reader for reading text in the request body
getServerName() Returns the host name of the server that received the request.
getServerPort() Returns the port number on which this request was received.
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Interface - javax.servlet.ServletResponse
public interface ServletResponse
 This interface helps the servlet to formulate the response for the
clients request.
 Network service developers implement this interface; its methods are
then used by servlets when the service method is run, to return data
to clients.
 The ServletResponse object is passed as an argument to the
service method.
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Method Description
getCharacterEncoding() Returns the character set encoding used for this

MIME body.
getOutputStream() Returns an output stream for writing binary

response data.
Returns a print writer for writing formatted text

getWriter() responses.

setContentLength(int) Sets the content length for this response.

setContentType(String) Sets the content type for this response.

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Classes - javax.servlet

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Class - javax.servlet.GenericServlet
javax.servlet.GenericServlet
 The GenericServlet class implements the Servlet interface and,
the ServletConfig interface.
 The GenericServlet class was created to make writing servlets
easier.
 It provides simple versions of the life-cycle methods init and
destroy, and of the methods in the ServletConfig interface.

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Method Description
init(ServletConfig config) is used to initialize the servlet.

void service(ServletRequest provides service for the incoming request. It is invoked at each
request, ServletResponse
time when user requests for a servlet.
response)
destroy() is invoked only once throughout the life cycle and indicates that
servlet is being destroyed.
getServletConfig() returns the object of ServletConfig.
getServletInfo() returns information about servlet such as writer, copyright,

version etc.
init() it is a convenient method for the servlet programmers, now
there is no need to call super.init(config)
getServletContext() returns the object of ServletContext.

getInitParameter(String name) returns the parameter value for the given parameter name.
getInitParameterNames() returns all the parameters defined in the web.xml file.
getServletName() returns the name of the servlet object.
log(String msg) writes the given message in the servlet log file.
log(String msg,Throwable t) writes the explanatory message in the servlet log file and a
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Class - javax.servlet.ServletInputStream
javax.servlet.ServletInputStream
 ServletInputStream class provides stream to read binary data
such as image etc. from the request object. It is an abstract
class.
 The getInputStream() method of ServletRequest interface
returns the instance of ServletInputStream class

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Method Description
int readLine(byte[] b, int off, int len) it reads the input stream.

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Class - javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream
javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream
 ServletOutputStream class provides a stream to write binary
data into the response. It is an abstract class.
 The getOutputStream() method ofServletResponse interface
returns the instance of ServletOutputStream class

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Method Method
void print(char c){} void println(boolean b){}
void print(int i){} void println(char c){}
void print(long l){} void println(int i){}
void print(float f){} void println(long l){}
void print(double d){} void println(float f){}
void print(String s){} void println(double d){}
void println{} void println(String s){}

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Class - javax.servlet.ServletException
public class ServletException
This exception is thrown to indicate a servlet problem.

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Method Description
ServletException() Constructs a new ServletException.
ServletException(String) Constructs a new ServletException with the specified
message.
ServletException(String, Constructs a new ServletException with the specified
Throwable) message and root cause

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javax.servlet.http

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javax.servlet.http
The javax.servlet.http package contains interfaces and classes that
are responsible for http requests only.

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Interfaces in javax.servlet.http package
There are many interfaces in javax.servlet.http package. They are
as follows:
1. HttpSession
2. HttpServletRequest
3. HttpServletResponse
4. HttpSessionBindingListener

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Classes in javax.servlet.http package
There are many classes in javax.servlet.http package. They are
as follows:
1. Cookie
2. HttpServlet
3. HttpSessionEvent
4. HttpSessionBindingEvent

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Interfaces - javax.servlet.http package

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Interface - javax.servlet.http.HttpSession
public interface HttpSession
 The HttpSession interface is implemented by services to provide an
association between an HTTP client and HTTP server.
 This association, or session, persists over multiple connections
and/or requests during a given time period.
 Sessions are used to maintain state and user identity across
multiple page requests.

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Method Description
getId() Returns the identifier assigned to this session.
getCreationTime() Returns the time at which this session representation
was created, in milliseconds since midnight, January
1, 1970 UTC.
getLastAccessedTime() Returns the last time the client sent a request carrying
the identifier assigned to the session.

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Interface - javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
public interface HttpServletRequest
 This interface gets data from the client to the servlet for use in
the HttpServlet.service method.
 It allows the HTTP-protocol specified header information to be accessed from
the service method.
 This interface is implemented by network-service developers for use within servlets.

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Method Description
getMethod() Gets the HTTP method (for example, GET, POST, PUT) with which this
request was made.
getPathInfo() Gets any optional extra path information following the servlet path of this
request's URI, but immediately preceding its query string
getSession() Gets the current valid session associated with this request, if create is false
or, if necessary, creates a new session for the request.
getHeader(String) Gets the value of the requested header field of this request.
getCookies() Gets the array of cookies found in this request.
getAuthType() Gets the authentication scheme of this request.

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Interface - javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
public interface HttpServletResponse
 This interface allows a servlet's service method to manipulate HTTP-protocol
specified header information and return data to its client.
 It is implemented by network service developers for use within servlets.

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Method Description
addCookies(cookies cookie) adds cookies in this response.
Boolean Returns true if the response header contains the field f
containsHeader(String f)
encodeURL(string url) To encode the specified URL
sendError(int code) Sends error code to the client

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Interface - javax.servlet.http. HttpSessionBindingListener
public interface HttpSessionBindingListener
 Objects implement this interface so that they can be notified when they are being
bound or unbound from a HttpSession.
 When a binding occurs (using HttpSession.putValue) HttpSessionBindingEvent
communicates the event and identifies the session into which the object is bound.
 Similarly, when an unbinding occurs (using HttpSession.removeValue)
HttpSessionBindingEvent communicates the event and identifies the session from
which the object is unbound.

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Method Description
Get Value() Returns the value of bounded or unbounded
getName() Returns the name being bound or unbound
HttpSession getsession() Returns the session to which the listener can be
bound or unbound

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Classes - javax.servlet.http package

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Class - javax.servlet.http.Cookie
public class Cookie
 This class represents a "Cookie", as used for session management with HTTP
and HTTPS protocols.
 Cookies are used to get user agents (web browsers etc) to hold small amounts of
state associated with a user's web browsing.
 Common applications for cookies include storing user preferences, automating
low security user signon facilities, and helping collect data used for "shopping
cart" style applications.

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Method Description
getValue() Returns the value of the cookie.
setValue(String) Sets the value of the cookie
getName() Returns the name of the cookie.

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Class - javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet
 An abstract class that simplifies writing HTTP servlets.
 It extends the GenericServlet base class and provides an framework
for handling the HTTP protocol.
 Because it is an abstract class, servlet writers must subclass it and
override at least one method.

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Method Description
doGet(HttpServletRequest, Performs the HTTP GET operation; the default implementation reports
an HTTP BAD_REQUEST error.

HttpServletResponse)
doPost(HttpServletRequest, Performs the HTTP POST operation; the default implementation reports
an HTTP BAD_REQUEST error.

doPut(HttpServletRequest, Performs the HTTP PUT operation; the default implementation reports
an HTTP BAD_REQUEST error

service(HttpServletRequest, This is an HTTP-specific version of the Servlet.service method, which
accepts HTTP specific parameters

.
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Interface - javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent
public interface HttpSessionevent
 The HttpSession interface is implemented by services to provide an
association between an HTTP client and HTTP server.
 This association, or session, persists over multiple connections
and/or requests during a given time period.
 Sessions are used to maintain state and user identity across
multiple page requests.

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Method Description
getId() Returns the identifier assigned to this session.
getCreationTime() Returns the time at which this session representation
was created, in milliseconds since midnight, January
1, 1970 UTC.
getLastAccessedTime() Returns the last time the client sent a request carrying
the identifier assigned to the session.

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Class - javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent
public interface HttpSessionBindingListener
 Objects implement this interface so that they can be notified when they are being
bound or unbound from a HttpSession.
 When a binding occurs (using HttpSession.putValue) HttpSessionBindingEvent
communicates the event and identifies the session into which the object is bound.
 Similarly, when an unbinding occurs (using HttpSession.removeValue)
HttpSessionBindingEvent communicates the event and identifies the session from
which the object is unbound.

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Method Description
Get Value() Returns the value of bounded or unbounded
getName() Returns the name being bound or unbound
HttpSession getsession() Returns the session to which the listener can be
bound or unbound

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Servlet Class Hierarchy

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The following figure shows the high level design of the hierarchy of interfaces
and classes in javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages:

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 The Servlet Class Hierarchy consists of two top level interfaces which are
implemented by the GenericServlet class:
 javax.servlet.Servlet
 javax.servlet.ServletConfig
 The GenericServlet class is extended by the HttpServlet class which in turn
is extended by a user defined class.
 The Servlet Life Cycle includes:
 Initialization of servlet instance using the init() method.
 Servicing a client request using the service() method.
 Destroying a servlet instance using the destroy() method.

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Class Hierarchy
1. interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
2. interface javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
3. interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSession
4. interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener
5. interface javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionContext
6. interface javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher
7. interface javax.servlet.Servlet
8. interface javax.servlet.ServletConfig
9. interface javax.servlet.ServletContext
10. interface javax.servlet.ServletRequest
11. interface javax.servlet.ServletResponse
12. interface javax.servlet.SingleThreadModel

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HTTPServlet - Service Method

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UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
Handling
HTTP Request and Response

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HttpServletRequest Interface
 HttpServletRequest interface
 Object passed to doGet and doPost
 Extends ServletRequest
 Methods
 String getParameter( String name )
 Returns value of parameter name (part of GET or POST)
 Enumeration getParameterNames()
 Returns names of parameters (POST)
 String[] getParameterValues( String name )

 Returns array of strings containing values of a parameter
 Cookie[] getCookies()
 Returns array of Cookie objects, can be used to identify client
HttpServletResponse Interface
 HttpServletResponse
 Object passed to doGet and doPost

 Extends ServletResponse
 Methods
 void addCookie( Cookie cookie )

 Add Cookie to header of response to client
 ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
 Gets byte-based output stream, send binary data to client
 PrintWriter getWriter()
 Gets character-based output stream, send text to client
 void setContentType( String type )

 Specify MIME type of the response (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
 MIME type “text/html” indicates that response is HTML document.
 Helps display data
Servlets Form Data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHWG3cYQj3k

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Request and Response – GET v/s POST
 The HTTP request method determines whether doGet() or doPost() runs.
GET (doGet()) POST (doPost())
The request contains only the request line Along with request line and header
HTTP Request and HTTP header. it also contains HTTP body.
Parameter passing The form elements are passed to the server by The form elements are passed in the
appending at the end of the URL. body of the HTTP request.
Size The parameter data is limited (the limit Can send huge amount of data to
depends on the container) the server.
Idempotency GET is Idempotent POST is not idempotent
Usage Generally used to fetch some information Generally used to process the sent
from the host. data.

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Handling
HTTP – GET Request
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6rge4XteiI

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Handling HTTP GET Requests
 HTTP GET requests
 Usually gets content of specified URL
 Usually HTML document (web page)
 Example servlet
 Handles HTTP GET requests
 User clicks Get Page button in HTML document

 GET request sent to servlet HTTPGetServlet
 Servlet dynamically creates HTML document displaying "Welcome to

Servlets!"
1 //Eg: HTTPGetServlet.java
2 // Creating and sending a page to the client
3 import javax.servlet.*;
4 import javax.servlet.http.*; Import necessary classes and
5 import java.io.*;
inherit methods from
6
7 public class HTTPGetServlet extends
HttpServlet.
HttpServlet { 1. import
8 public void doGet( HttpServletRequest request,
9 HttpServletResponse response ) 1.1 extends HttpServlet
10 throws ServletException, IOException
11 { 2. doGet
12 PrintWriter output;
2.1 setContentType
13
14 response.setContentType( "text/html" ); // content type
2.2 getWriter
15 output = response.getWriter(); // get writer
16 2.3 println
17 // create and send HTML page to client
Create PrintWriter object.
18 StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
19 buf.append( "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>\n" );
Create HTML file and send
20 buf.append( "A Simple Servlet Example\n" ); to client.
21 buf.append( "</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>\n" );
22 buf.append( "<H1>Welcome to Servlets!</H1>\n" );
23 buf.append( "</BODY></HTML>" );
24 output.println( buf.toString() );
25 output.close(); // close PrintWriter stream
26 }
27 }
Eg. HTTPGetServlet.html
1 
2 <HTML>
3 <HEAD>
4 <TITLE>
5 Servlet HTTP GET Example
ACTION specifies form
6 </TITLE>
handler, METHOD specifies
7 </HEAD>
8 <BODY>
request type.
9 <FORM
10 ACTION="http://lab.cs.siu.edu:8080/rahimi/HTTPGetServlet"
HTML document
11 METHOD="GET">
12 <P>Click the button to have the servlet send
13 an HTML document</P> 1. <TITLE>
14 <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="Get HTML Document">
15 </FORM> 2. <FORM>
16 </BODY>
17 </HTML> Creates submit button,
2.1 ACTION
performs ACTION
when clicked.
2.2 METHOD
3. INPUT TYPE
Program Output
Example Explained
4 import javax.servlet.http.*;
 Use data types from javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http
7 public class HTTPGetServlet extends HttpServlet {

 HttpServlet has useful methods, inherit from it
8 public void doGet( HttpServletRequest request,

9 HttpServletResponse response )
 Method doGet
 Responds to GET requests
 Default action: BAD_REQUEST error (file not found)
 Override for custom GET processing
 Arguments represent client request and server response
 setContentType
 Specify content
 text/html for HTML documents
12
15 PrintWriter output;
output = response.getWriter(); // get writer
 getWriter
 Returns PrintWriter object, can send text to client
 getOutputStream to send binary data (returns
ServletOutputStream object)
19 buf.append( "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>\n" );
20 buf.append( "A Simple Servlet Example\n" );
21 buf.append( "</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>\n" );
22 buf.append( "<H1>Welcome to Servlets!</H1>\n" );
23 buf.append( "</BODY></HTML>" );
 Lines 19-23 create HTML document
24 output.println( buf.toString() );
25 output.close(); // close PrintWriter stream
 println sends response to client

 close terminates output stream
 Flushes buffer, sends info to client
For program Check
program name : ServletFormDataGETApp

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Handling
HTTP – POST Request
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPFrNU2Qftw

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Handling HTTP POST Requests
 HTTP POST
 Used to post data to server-side form handler (i.e. surveys)
 Both GET and POST can supply parameters
 Example servlet
 Survey
 Store results in file on server
 User selects radio button, presses Submit

 Browser sends POST request to servlet
 Servlet updates responses

 Displays cumulative results
1 // HTTPPostServlet.java
2 // A simple survey servlet
4 import javax.servlet.http.*; Extending HttpServlet
5 import java.text.*; allows processing of GET
6 import java.io.*;
7 import java.util.*;
and POST requests.
8
9 public class HTTPPostServlet extends HttpServlet {
10 private String animalNames[] = 1. import
11 { "dog", "cat", "bird", "snake", "none" };
12 1.1 extends HttpServlet
13 public void doPost( HttpServletRequest request,
14 HttpServletResponse response )
1.2 animalNames
16 {
17 int animals[] = null, total = 0; 2. doPost
18 File f = new File( "survey.txt" );
19 2.1 Open file
20 if ( f.exists() ) {
21 // Determine # of survey responses so far
22 try {
2.2 getParameter
23 ObjectInputStream input = new ObjectInputStream(
24 new FileInputStream( f ) ); 2.3 Write to file
25
26 animals = (int []) input.readObject(); 2.4 getWriter
27 input.close(); // close stream
28
29 for ( int i = 0; i < animals.length; ++i ) 2.5 Create HTML code
30 total += animals[ i ];
31 } 2.6 println
32 catch( ClassNotFoundException cnfe ) {
33 cnfe.printStackTrace();
34 }
35 }
Use request (HttpServletRequest)
36 else method getParameter to get value of
37 animals = new int[ 5 ]; animal.
38
39 // read current survey response
40 String value =
41 request.getParameter( "animal" ); 1. import
42 ++total; // update total of all responses
43 1.1 extends HttpServlet
44 // determine which was selected and update its total
45 for ( int i = 0; i < animalNames.length; ++i )
46 if ( value.equals( animalNames[ i ] ) )
1.2 animalNames
47 ++animals[ i ];
48 2. doPost
49 // write updated totals out to disk
50 ObjectOutputStream output = new ObjectOutputStream( 2.1 Open file
51 2.2 getParameter
new FileOutputStream( f ) );
52
53 output.writeObject( animals ); 2.2 getParameter
54 output.flush();
55 output.close(); 2.3 Write to file
56
57
2.3 Write to file
// Calculate percentages
58 double percentages[] = new double[ animals.length ];
2.4 getWriter
59
60 for ( int i = 0; i < percentages.length; ++i ) 2.5 Create HTML code
61 percentages[ i ] = 100.0 * animals[ i ] / total;
62 2.6 println
63 // send a thank you message to client
65
66 PrintWriter responseOutput = response.getWriter();
67 StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
68 buf.append( "<html>\n" );
69 buf.append( "<title>Thank you!</title>\n" );
70 buf.append( "Thank you for participating.\n" );
71 buf.append( "<BR>Results:\n<PRE>" ); 1. import
72
73 DecimalFormat twoDigits = new DecimalFormat( "#0.00" );
1.1 extends HttpServlet
74 for ( int i = 0; i < percentages.length; ++i ) {
75 buf.append( "<BR>" );
76 buf.append( animalNames[ i ] );
1.2 animalNames
77 buf.append( ": " );
78 buf.append( twoDigits.format( percentages[ i ] ) ); 2. doPost
79 buf.append( "% responses: " );
2.1 Open file
80
81 2.4 getWriter
buf.append( animals[ i ] );
buf.append( "\n" );
82 } 2.2 getParameter
83
84 buf.append( "\n<BR><BR>Total responses: " );
2.3 Write to file
85
86
2.5 Create HTML code
buf.append( total );
buf.append( "</PRE>\n</html>" );
87 2.4 getWriter
88 responseOutput.println( buf.toString() );
89 responseOutput.close(); 2.5 Create HTML code
90 } 2.6 println
91 } 2.6 println
1 
2 <HTML>
3 <HEAD>
4 <TITLE>Servlet HTTP Post Example</TITLE>
5 </HEAD>
Use a POST request
6
7 <BODY>
type. 1. <FORM>
8 <FORM METHOD="POST" ACTION=
9 "http://lab.cs.siu.edu:8080/rahimi/HTTPPostServlet"> 1.1 METHOD="POST"
10 What is your favorite pet?<BR><BR>
11 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=animal VALUE=dog>Dog<BR> 2. <INPUT>
12 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=animal VALUE=cat>Cat<BR>
13 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=animal VALUE=bird>Bird<BR>
14 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=animal VALUE=snake>Snake<BR>
15 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=animal VALUE=none CHECKED>None
16 <BR><BR><INPUT TYPE=submit VALUE="Submit">
17 <INPUT TYPE=reset>
18 </FORM>
19 </BODY>
Create radio buttons. Specify
20 </HTML>
parameter name and value. None is
initially selected (CHECKED).
Returns form to original
state (None selected).
Program Output
For program Check
program name : ServletFormDataPOSTApp

MLRITM,JNTU-H
UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
SESSION TRACKING

MLRITM,JNTU-H
SESSION TRACKING API
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jOGg2cLcEic&list=UUhwKlOVR041tngjerWxVccw&index=2

MLRITM,JNTU-H
What is Session Tracking?
v=VLg7WV5L0S4&list=UUhwKlOVR041tngjerWxVccw&index=1

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Program Check :
Program Name :
1. HttpSessionAttributeDemoApp
2. HttpSession
3. HttpSession Login and Logout Example

MLRITM,JNTU-H
User Authorization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyJe3jXEeqo
User Authorization
 The web server requests the user name and password. The
information is available to any servlet that needs it.
 The browser resends the name and password with each
subsequent request.
 Data about the user and the user’s state can be saved in a shared
object.
Cookies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxxYdV92LLM

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Cookies Class
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu3YXeXC9e8

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Cookie Create/Delete/Get
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wi-zmexenB0

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Cookies Demo
v=lbwFTNyRv8I&list=UUhwKlOVR041tngjerWxVccw&index=3

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Program Check :
Program Name :
1.CookieDemoApp
2.Cookies Login and Logout Example

MLRITM,JNTU-H
URL Rewriting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnjvCnrHkmk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ch2Bfea5yw

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Program Check :
Program Name : URLRewritingDemoApp

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Hidden Form Field
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbLc7e7EJiI
v=64hZwZ8hDs0&list=UUhwKlOVR041tngjerWxVccw&index=4

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Program Check :
Program Name : HiddenFormFieldDemoApp

MLRITM,JNTU-H
UNIT - 3
SERVLETS
JDBC

MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC Introduction
http://ramj2ee.blogspot.in/2014/07/jdbc-introduction.html#.Vq5eJpp97Mw

MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC Architecture
http://ramj2ee.blogspot.in/2014/07/jdbc-architecture.html#.Vq5eeJp97Mw

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Steps to Connect to the Database
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCtOzn1r2MY

MLRITM,JNTU-H
How the JDBC Application works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ry8AUOCccdY

MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC Demo
For Programs Check

Program Name : JDBCDemoApp
Environment Used :
JDK version : 1.7.0_51
Mysql Server version : 5.6.19
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRrctWrry4I

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Driver Manager
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeV1mC2z--M

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
Java Decompiler
Check the Software for Seeing Java Decompiler
Download Link: http://jd.benow.ca/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-dYli574dE

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
JDBC Driver Details

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbAo5Ii-QLk

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Programs Check
Program Name :
JDBCDriverDetailsDemoApp
Environment Used :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbAo5Ii-QLk
MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
Load JDBC Driver

Check the Software for Seeing mysql-connector-java-5.1.38.zip
Download Link https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=460363
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA539fwWtHY

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Programs Check
Program Name :
LoadJDBCDriverDemoApp
Environment Used :
MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
JDBC Connection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDD6YaK0W_U

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
JDBC : Connection URL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1SW1GS9_zA

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
JDBC Connection Demo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4SNaqaWjA0

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Programs Check
Program Name :
JDBCConnectionDemoApp
Environment Used :
JDK version :1.7.0_51
Tomcat version : 7.0.50
MLRITM,JNTU-H
Extra :
JDBC Demo –
Connect to Oracle Database
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-c3EyuHUlA

MLRITM,JNTU-H
For Programs Check
Program Name :
JDBCOracleDemoApp
Environment Used :
Oracle 11g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-c3EyuHUlA
MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC Driver Types
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MLj-NIkEWo

MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC Driver
1. Type 1 JDBC Driver : JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver (Bridge Driver)
2. Type 2 JDBC Driver: Native-API driver/Partly Java driver (Native
Driver)
3. Type 3 Driver : AllJava/Net-protocol driver or Network Protocol Driver
(Middleware Driver)
4. Type 4 Driver : All Java/Native-protocol driver or Thin Driver (Pure Java
Driver)
MLRITM,JNTU-H
Type 1 JDBC Driver :
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver
(Bridge Driver)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np3TQe9mE0o

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Type 2 JDBC Driver :
Native-API driver/Partly Java driver
(Native Driver)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L7BRUTxbu8

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Type 3 Driver :
AllJava/Net-protocol driver or
Network Protocol Driver
(Middleware Driver)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd4nFHkCe2Q

MLRITM,JNTU-H
Type 4 Driver :
All Java/Native-protocol driver or
Thin Driver
(Pure Java Driver)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlu5cx15fmk

MLRITM,JNTU-H
JDBC : Which Driver Should be used
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV75ARl8ays

MLRITM,JNTU-H
MLRITM,JNTU-H

WT Unit - 3 Servlets

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WT Unit - 3 Servlets

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WEB TECHNOLOGIES

• To introduce Server side programming with Java

• Servlets plays an important role in many different IT systems.

• Servlets is often used for distributing data over the Internet.

• It is important (for all types of software developers!) to have a

good understanding of servlets

• Gain Knowledge on how to write a simple applications with

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof., Pallavi,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

 Servlet Technology is used to create web applications.

 Servlet technology uses Java language to create web

As Servlet Technology uses Java, web applications made using Servlet

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

Before Servlets, CGI programming was used to create web applications.

The URL decides which CGI program to execute.

enviroment and the process to execute code of the CGI program.

an HTTP response and send it back to the web browser.

 High resposne time because CGI programs execute in their own

 CGI is not scalable.

 CGI programs are not always secure or object-oriented.

 Less response time because each request runs in a

 Servlets are scalable.

 Servlets are robust and object oriented.

 Servlets are platform independent.

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

Servlet API consists of two important packages that

encapsulates all the important classes and interface, namely :

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

 The javax.servlet package contains many interfaces and classes

that are used by the servlet or web container.

 These are not specific to any protocol.

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

There are many interfaces in javax.servlet package. They are as

There are many classes in javax.servlet package. They are as

PRASAD B, Assoc. prof.,

 The Servlet interface defines methods to initialize a servlet, to receive and

respond to client requests, and to destroy a servlet and its resources.

the following manner:

 Servlet is created then initialized.

 Zero or more service calls from clients are handled