Notifiable Occupational Diseases

Presented by : Amandeep Dua 03 ISEM X

Outline

Nitrous Fumes Poisoning

Arc welders, Fire-fighters, Military and aerospace personnel, Those working with explosives Coal miners Farmers Construction workers in confined spaces Following a delay of 2-48 hours, patients exposed to NO2 may develop the following symptoms: Dyspnea Cough Chest pain Clinical manifestations of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema The following may develop 2-6 weeks after initial exposure: Bronchiolitis obliterans, manifested as fever, cough, and dyspnea Diffuse reticulonodular or miliary pattern on chest radiography

NO2 toxicity is also observed in environments where NO2 is formed from non-combustion sources. These include silo fillers, where nitrogen oxides are a by-product of anaerobic fermentation of crops, and indoor ice skating rinks, where the gas is generated by the propane-driven ice cleaning machine, the Zamboni. In addition, NO2 from automobile exhaust smokestack emissions are thought to be a major contributor to the toxic effects of air pollution

The main precaution is ensure that the person is removed from the danger area during blasting and firing operations and that they stay away until the fumes have disappeared. Use of charcoal respirators and oxygen/air breathing apparatus is recommended.

Carbon Bi-sulphide Poisoning

Use in the manufacture of viscose rayon and regenerated cellulose fibers and films; as an xanthating agent in the manufacture of cellophane; and as an intermediate in the production of food packaging adhesives Use as a soil disinfectant; in spray application of grains and space of agricultural premises; as a pesticide intermediate; and as an anthelminthic in veterinary medicine Use as a development restrainer for instant color photography Use as a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine fats, and resins Use as a solvent in dry spinning of polyvinyl chloride; and as a solvent in oil wells Use during rubber manufacture; in cold curing operations; during extraction processing operations of oils, fats, resins, lacquers, camphor, and waxes; use in the manufacture of matches Used in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, varnish removers, tallows, explosives, rocket fuel, putty, preservatives, and rubber cement Use in degreasing, chemical analysis, electroplating of gold and nickel, oil extraction, and dry cleaning. Acute exposure: irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Contact with the liquid can result in second- and third-degree burns. Skin absorption may result in localized degeneration of peripheral nerves. symptoms of dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, euphoria, convulsions, muscle weakness, sleeplessness, fatigue, nervousness, anorexia, blind spots, dilated pupils, psychosis, coma, and death. Chronic exposure: headache, polyneuritis, emotional disturbances, psychosis, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, central scotoma, red-green color blindness, anorexia, weight loss, Parkinson- like syndrome, fatigue, anemia, blood and protein in the urine, and liver damage.

Process enclosure Local exhaust ventilation General dilution ventilation Personal protective equipment

Benzene Poisoning
plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibres. Benzene is also used to make some types of lubricants, rubbers, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. Benzene damages the bone marrow anemia leukopenia thrombocytopenia leukemia Acute poisoning : dizziness, excitement, staggering gait; also headache, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, flushed face, incoherent speech, tingling in hands and feet. Chronic poisoning : nosebleeds, bleeding gums, pallor and purple disfigurations appear Carcinogen.

Benzene works by causing cells not to work correctly. For example, it can cause bone marrow not to produce enough red blood cells, which can lead to anaemia. Also, it can damage the immune system by changing blood levels of antibodies and causing the loss of white blood cells. The seriousness of poisoning caused by benzene depends on the amount, route, and length of time of exposure, as well as the age and pre-existing medical condition of the exposed person.

Use substitute whenever available Complete Process enclosure Regular air monitoring for benzene Protective clothing for workers at risk Information about benzene to the workers Use of splash proof shields and goggles Use of Respirators Special procedures for entry into enclosed spaces.

Until we meet next time

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