UNINTENTIONAL

INJURIES SAFETY AND

FIRST AID
FIRST AID
An immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.
It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.
However, we must know the limits of the first aid we can give because improper first
aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances.
Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider.
ROLES OF A FIRST AIDER
It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of the
physician.
It ends when the services of the physician begins
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
To save lives
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
To prevent further injury
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD FIRST AIDER
1. Gentle – does not cause more pain and panic
2. Observant – notices all signs
3. Resourceful – makes the best use of things at hand
4. Tactful – does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic – comforts and reassures the victim
PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
DO’s in Giving First Aid DON’T’s in Giving First Aid
1. DO stay calm 1. DON’T give food and drink to an
unconscious person
2. DO reassure and comfort the victim
2. DON’T move an injured person
3. DO check for a medical bracelet unless you need to place him/her in the
indicating a condition such as epilepsy recovery position and safe place
or diabetes
4. DO loosen any tight clothing
5. DO keep the victim covered to reduce
shock
SURVEY OF THE SCENE AND
THE VICTIMS
1. Is anyone in danger?
2. Move to the quietest area.
3. Open the airway
4. Check for breathing
5. Look for signs of circulation
* Start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
* Combine rescue breathing with chest compressions
* Continue rescue breathing
* Check for signs of circulation in every minute
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Signs – details discovered by applying your senses – sight, touch, hearing and smell
during the course of the examination ex: bleeding, swelling, deformities

Symptoms – sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to
describe ex: nausea, vomiting, heat, impaired sensations
PRIMARY SURVEY
A. Check for consciousness
B. Open the airway
C. Check for breathing
Check for circulation
SECONDARY SURVEY
A. History Taking – medications; medical history of family; allergies; last meal;
events prior to what happened; area of pain
B. Checking for vital signs – pulse rate; temperature; respiration; skin color; physical
signs
COMMON UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES
WOUNDS
1. Puncture – piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects
2. Abrasion – caused by rubbing or scrapping the skin against a rough surface
3. Incision – cut caused by knife, broken glass; or any sharp object
4. Laceration – blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting form
mishandling tools and other accidents
5. Avulsion – forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues
FRACTURE
- a break or crack in a bone.
DISLOCATION
- partial or complete displacement of the bones
SPRAIN
-An injury to the ligaments of a bone due to accidental tearing or overstretching
STRAIN
- An injury to the muscles which is a result of improper use of the muscle
HEAT EXHAUSTION
- caused by loss of salt and water due to excessively high temperature that may lead
to heat stroke and even death.
FOOD POISONING
- consuming food or drink that is contaminated with bacteria or viruses
CHOKING
- results when a foreign object blocks the throat
DROWNING
HEART ATTACK
CHEMICAL BURNS
BURNS
HEAT STROKE
STROKE