07BF1A0249

Mr. G. BALAJI SEKHAR

What is power electronics?

Power electronic converters can be found wherever there is a need to modify a form of electrical energy. The power range of these converters is from some milli watts to hundreds of megawatts With "classical" electronics, electrical currents and voltage are used to carry information. Example: In a HVDC transmission systems.

Since 1970 various types of power semiconductor devices were developed and become commercially Available which are made of either silicon or silicon carbide. Silicon carbide devices are ,however under development. A majority of the devices are of silicon.

These devices can be divided into three types.

1) POWER DIDOES
2) TRANSISTORS 3) THYRISTORS.

APPLICATIONS:
AC/DC converters used for the Rectification purpose.
AC/AC converters are used to change either the voltage level

or the frequency . It can be used in power grids also.

DC/AC converters are used in UPS or emergency lighting

system.
These are used for charge the mobile battery . And these

converters are also used for electronic isolation and power factor correction.

CHOPPERS
A chopper is a static device that converts fixed D.C input voltage to a variable D.C output voltage directly. The symbol of chopper as shown below fig.

A chopper is a high speed ON/OFF semiconductor switch. Chopper can be represented by a switch SW with an arrow.

APPLICATIONS
DC converters are widely used for traction motor control in electric automobiles, trolley cars. Some of the other applications are given below, Speed control of DC Motors. Battery Charging. It can be used as DC Voltage Regulators, and also used, in conjunction with an inductor, to generate a dc current source, especially for the current source inverter.

What is buck converter?

A buck converter is a step-down DC to DC converter. Its

design similar to the step-up boost converter.

The operation of the buck converter is simple, with an inductor

and two switches (usually a transistors and a diode) that control the inductor.

Continuous mode:
A buck converter operates in continuous mode if the current through the inductor (IL) never falls to zero during the commutation cycle.

DISCONTINOUS MODE:
The current through the inductor falls to zero during part

of the period. The only difference in the principle described above is that the inductor is completely discharged at the end of the commutation cycle .

BJT BOOST CHOPPERS

The boost converter is the tendency of an inductor to resist changes in current.

In the On-state, the switch S is closed, resulting in an increase in the inductor current. In the Off-state, the switch is open and the only path offered to inductor current is through the fly back diode D, the capacitor C and the load R.

CONTINUOUS MODE
When a boost converter operates in continuous mode, the current through the inductor (IL) never falls to zero.

DISCONTINOUS MODE:
The current through the inductor falls to zero during part of the period.

BJT BUCK-BOOST CHOPPER

The basic principle of the buckboost converter is fairly simple

During On state : The input voltage source is directly connected to the inductor . During Off-state: The inductor is connected to the output load and capacitor, so energy is transferred from L to C and R.

CONTINOUS MODE:
If the current through the inductor L never falls to zero during a commutation cycle, the converter is said to operate in continuous mode.

DISCONTINUOUS MODE:
In this case, the current through the inductor falls to zero during part of the period.

WHAT IS SPICE?

SPICE can perform analysis on various aspects of electronic circuit. The operating points of transistors, time-domain response, and small-signal frequency response. SPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is capable of simulating most electronic circuit.

PSPICE MODEL CIRCUIT BJT BUCK CHOPPER

The parameters for the given circuit are described below. VS = 12v K = 0.42 FC = 25KHZ T = 40s TON = K*T =16.7s

BUCK CHOPPER

PSPICE MODEL CIRCUIT BJT BUCK-BOOST CHOPPER

The parameters for the given circuit are described below. VS = 12v K = 0.25 FC = 25KHZ T = 40s TON = K*T =10s

BUCK BOOST CHOPPER

LIMITATION OF PSPICE
The student production version can simulate a circuit with up to 200 bipolar transistors. The program is not interactive ,that is. The circuit cannot be analyzed for various components values without editing the program statements. To run the PC version requires 512 kilobytes of memory(RAM). Distortion analysis is not available.

CONCLUSION:
The project SIMULATION OF BJT BUCK CHOPPER AND BJT BUCK-BOOST CHOPPER BY USING PSPICE is mainly used to analyze the different types of circuits in practically and theoretically. In the analysis of circuits it is very useful to analyze the different types of circuits like buck chopper, buck-boost chopper etc. In the industries different types of circuits can be analyze using these pspice technique. In the future it can be used in simulation of different types of complicated circuits. These simulation results will provide the general operating conditions without actually connecting the circuits.