Dr Mohd Hafizal

Mohd Isa
Assoc Prof. Dr.
Muna Hanim
Abdul Samad
Building
Ar. Tan Bee Eu
Ar. Muhammad
Construction 1
Md Hashim
Lecturers: Kampus Induk, USM

AP Dr. Hafizal Dr. Jestin Ar. Tan Bee Eu

Why Building Construction?
Building
Anatomy
This course expose the basic
comprehension pertaining to
materials and construction used
in buildings and its components,
beginning with basic structures,
building systems, and its
relationship. It covers the main
component of substructure,
superstructure and roof systems.
 “Describing the concept and
basic technology theory on
materials and construction
through sketches and
specifications.”

CLO 1
“Illustrating the building
components with
specifications, analysis and
detail drawings as individual
project and group work.”

CLO 2
“Presenting ideas with
clarity using technical
communication and
specifications in technical
drawings from visual
observation.”

CLO 3
 ASSIGNMENTS

20 20
40

DRAWING TEST REPORT

60

ASSIGNMENT EXAM
 Measure
Assignment 1 Making and
building observe
model

Produce
technical
drawing

Report
 Understand
Test 1 Produce building
Technical components
drawing

Using
proper
tools
Final Exam Understanding Understanding
on theories the
relationship

Can
relate to
situation
Course structure

Superstructure

Substructure
Technical
Drawing
Sectional Drawing

• What is cross section of a building?

Tools
What do you need to draw a cross section for RAG 161?

HB – grid/guide
lines/hatching

B – normal line
elevation

PENCIL
2B –
Timber/window/brick/roof
tile/metal cut
4B @ 5B – Concrete/drain
cut
 SET SQUARE

Need to draw vertical line. Do

not use a normal ruler to make
vertical line. Adjustable set
square is preferable. You need
to draw roof angle
 T-SQUARE

Need to draw horizontal line.

To guide set square
 Imperial
SCALE RULER
decimal
Eraser
Masking tape
Assignment 1
Balsa wood
Glue
Cutter & Cutting mat
 ARCHI
Group 1: IA
CM

Concrete
Workshop
BS
Group 2 QS
 Slum test

 to determine the

workability or
consistency of concrete
mix prepared at the
laboratory or the
construction site
during the progress of
the work
Factors which influence the
concrete slump test:
• Material properties like chemistry, fineness, particle size
distribution, moisture
content and temperature of
cementitious materials. Size, texture, combined grading,
cleanliness and moisture content of the aggregates,
• Chemical admixtures dosage, type, combination,
interaction, sequence of addition and its effectiveness,
• Air content of concrete,
• Concrete batching, mixing and transporting
methods and equipment,
• Temperature of the concrete,
• Sampling of concrete, slump-testing technique and the
condition of test equipment,
• The amount of free water in the concrete, and
• Time since mixing of concrete at the time of testing.
 • The mold for the concrete slump test is a frustum of a cone,
300 mm (12 in) of height. The base is 200 mm (8in) in diameter
and it has a smaller opening at the top of 100 mm (4 in).
• The base is placed on a smooth surface and the container is
filled with concrete in three layers, whose workability is to be
Procedure for tested .
• Each layer is temped 25 times with steel rod
Concrete • When the mold is completely filled with concrete, the top

Slump Cone surface is struck off (leveled with mould top opening)
• Immediately after filling is completed and the concrete is

Test leveled, the cone is slowly and carefully lifted vertically, an

unsupported concrete will now slump.
• The decrease in the height of the centre of the slumped
concrete is called slump.
• The slump is measured by placing the cone just besides the
slump concrete and the temping rod is placed over the cone so
that it should also come over the area of slumped concrete.
• The decrease in height of concrete to that of mold is noted with
scale.
 Slump for the given sample= _____mm

• True Slump – True slump is the only slump that can be measured in the test. The measurement is taken
between the top of the cone and the top of the concrete after the cone has been removed as shown in
figure-1.
• Zero Slump – Zero slump is the indication of very low water-cement ratio, which results in dry mixes. These
type of concrete is generally used for road construction.
• Collapsed Slump – This is an indication that the water-cement ratio is too high, i.e. concrete mix is too wet
or it is a high workability mix, for which a slump test is not appropriate.
• Shear Slump – The shear slump indicates that the result is incomplete, and concrete to be retested.
Recommended Values of Concrete Slump Tests for Various
Purposes:
No
Types of concrete  Slump 
. 
   
 
1  Concrete for road construction  20 to 40 mm 
     
Concrete for tops of curbs,
2  40 to 50 mm 
parapets, piers, slabs and wall 
   
 
3  Concrete for canal lining  70 to 80 mm 
     
4  Normal RCC work  80 to 150 mm 
     
5  Mass concrete  20 to 50 mm 
     
6  Concrete to be vibrated  10 to 25 mm 
     
 Laying Brick

• Mortar mixing
For general purposes, mix 6 parts sand to 1 part
cement. For heavy duty projects, mix 3-4 parts
sand to 1.The ratio you choose depends on the
intended use. For example, load-bearing
structures such as foundations require a higher
sand to cement ratio than non-load-bearing
structures.
Mortar Mix Ratios for Various Types of
Mortar
Minimum Compressive Cement:Sand:Hydrated
Mortar Type Uses
Strength Lime Ratio
Underground, foundations,
Type M 2,500 psi 3:12:1
retaining walls, driveways

Underground, foundations,
retaining walls, manholes,
Type S 1,800 psi 2:9:1
sewer walls, brick patios,
pavements, and walkways

Above ground, general

purpose, interior, exterior,
Type N 750 psi 1:6:1 mild load-bearing, chimneys,
soft-stone or low-fired brick
masonry
Above ground, non-load-
Type O 350 psi 1:9:2
bearing, interior
 Mixing Mortar by Hand
• Here's a step-by-step guide on how to mix Type M mortar manually.
• Find a platform or container to mix the mortar. This can be a
wheelbarrow, large plastic tub, or large wooden board (e.g. a sheet of
plywood).
• Measure out 4 parts sand and 1 part cement, and use a shovel to mix it
dry on the platform.
• Make a crater in the middle of the mix, and add a bucket of water and
the appropriate amount of lime or mortar additive.
• Mix thoroughly by shoveling the bottom of the mix to the top and
repeating.
• Add more water as needed to get a smooth consistency.
• Repeat steps 1-5 until you have the desired amount of mortar.
COMMUNICATION PURPOSES
• STUDIO REPS
• 1 ARCHI :
• 2 IA :
• 3 BS :
• 4 QS :
• 5 CPM :
GOOD LUCK
I PRAY FOR YOUR SUCCESS!!