Motivation

Dr. Vaishali, resident,

Department of Psychiatry,
Chengalpattu medical college
& Hospital.
What is motivation?

• Driving and pulling forces which result in persistent behavior directed

toward particular goals.
• Motive – needs, desires, wants or drives of an individual.
Theories of motivation
• 1. Drive theory
• 2. Incentive theory
• 3. Opponent process theory
• 4. Optimal level theory
DRIVE THEORY
• Push theory of motivation

• Drive – inborn or instinctive/

learned drives( power,
achievement)
INCENTIVE THEORIES

• Example : rat – chocolate / rat- chow

• Goal itself motivates behavior
• Pull thoery
• Incentives- wages, salary, bonus
Opponent process theory
• Motivated to seek goals which
give good emotional feelings.
• Emotional motivation
• Example: 1.heroin user/
2.parachutist
Optimal level theories
• The individual is motivated to behave in such a way to maintain
optimal level of arousal.
• Low arousal—seeks situation or stimuli
• High arousal—behavior directed toward decreasing it.
TYPES OF MOTIVATION
BIOLOGICAL MOTIVATION
1. Hunger
2. Temperature
3. Sex
4. Thirst
Maslow hierarchy of needs
THANKYOU