IDENTIFYING AND

ANALYZING
CLAIMS
Critical Reading also means you are able to
distinguish the information that is explicit in the
text from the ideas that are implicit.
Inference
• Observations occur when we can see something happening. In contrast,
inferences are what we figure out based on an experience.
• Inference is a "foundational skill" — a prerequisite for higher-order thinking
and 21st century skills (Marzano, 2010)
On Inference
Stonehenge is an ancient monument situated about ten miles
north of Salisbury in England. It was built about 4500 years ago,
but by whom and for what purpose remains a mystery. The
builders must have known of geometry. They may have been
influenced by the Mycenaeans, whose architecture was similar.
Some of the stones must have been brought from West Wales,
over 135 miles away. These stones weigh more than fifty tons.
They may have been brought on rafts and rollers. Experts say that
it must have taken 1500 men more than five years to transport
them. Stonehenge was probably built in three stages. First,
settlers from continental Europe built a temple for sun worship.
Later the "Beaker" people added the stone circles. Finally, people
of the Wesse Culture transformed Stonehenge into an
observatory. They could calculate the exact time of Midsummer
and Midwinter and of equinoxes. 
We understand from the passage
that the construction of the
Stonehenge ----.

A) was completed in less than five

years
B) began 135 miles away from
Salisbury
C) is not a mystery that needs to
be solved
D) was first documented by the
Mycenaeans
E) is thought to have taken place
in more than one stage On Inference
WHAT IS A CLAIM?
A CLAIM is the writer’s point or position
regarding the chosen topic.

This is the central argument or thesis statement

of the text.

This is what the writer tries to prove by

providing details, explanations, and other types
of evidence.
WHAT IS A CLAIM?
This is the most important part of the text.

The quality and complexity of the reading depend

on the claim because the claim defines the paper’s
direction and scope.
Distinguishing between the Types of Claims
• Claims of Fact
• Claims of Value
• Claims of Policy
Distinguishing between the Types of Claims
• Claims of Fact state a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic that may be
proven by fact or data.
• Claims of Value
• Claims of Policy
Distinguishing between the Types of Claims
• Claims of Fact
• Claims of Value consist of arguments about moral, philosophical, or aesthetic
topics. These attempt to explain how problems, situations or issues.
• Claims of Policy
Distinguishing between the Types of Claims
• Claims of Fact
• Claims of Value
• Claims of Policy posit that specific actions should be chosen as solutions to a
particular problem. They begin with “should”, “ought to”, or “must.”
Identifying the claims of the author
• You will be given a reading material.
• What are the claims of the author in the text?
• Take note of these claims for the activity later on.
• You may mark these claims for easy reference later on.
IDENTIFYING THE
CONTEXT OF TEXT
DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT is defined as the social, cultural;,
political, historical, and other related circumstances
that surround the text and form the terms from which
it can be better understood and evaluated.
 Techniques in analyzing the context of a
text’s development
• INTERTEXTUAL
ITY is the modeling
of a text’s meaning
by another text.
This is when the
author borrows and
transforms prior
text, or when you
read one text and
you reference
another.
Examples

The concept of The Great Flood

Harry Potter's 3 headed dog

Shakespeare's Romeo And Juliet

 SOURCES/REFERENCES:

Tiongson, M.T. And Rodriguez, M.R. (2016). Reading

and writing skills. Rex Book Store.

All pictures are internet-grabbed (credit goes to whom

it's due)

Www.readingrockets.org/strategies

Prepared by:

KRISMELLEH CASSANDRA LORENZITA D. BELARO