HUMANISTIC MODEL

Department of Applied psychology

Submitted By : Group-5
Jvaria Khan
Kainat Fatima
Aqsa Ashraf
Semester 5th
Submitted To
Miss Fatima Saleem
Date:23-11-22
Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the
the whole person,
and the uniqueness of each individual.
Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will and are motivated to achieve their potential and self actualize.

Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the

the whole person,
and the uniqueness of each individual.
Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will and are motivated to achieve their potential and self actualize.

What is Humanistic approach

 Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking

at
 the whole person
 the uniqueness of each individual.

Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that

people have free will and are motivated to achieve their potential and
self actualize.
The humanistic approach is thus often called the “third force” in
psychology after psychoanalysis and behaviorism (Maslow, 1968).
Basic Assumptions
Humanistic psychology begins with the existential
assumption that
 people have free will
 People are basically good, and have an innate need to
make themselves and the world better
 People are motivated to self-actualize
 The subjective, conscious experiences of the individual
is most important
 Humanism rejects scientific methodology.
 Humanism rejected comparative psychology (the
study of animals) because it does not tell us anything
about the unique properties of human beings.
 Experiencing (thinking, sensing, perceiving, feeling,
remembering, and so on) is central.
 Each person and each experience is unique, so
psychologists should treat each case individually,
rather than rely on averages from group studies.
Psychologist’s Contribution
Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs
Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated
to achieve certain needs and that some needs take
precedence over others.
Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this
will be the first thing that motivates our behavior.
Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what
motivates us, and so on.
 1.Physiological needs
 These are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter,
clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.

If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow
considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become
secondary until these needs are met.
2.Safety needs 
once an individual’s physiological needs are satisfied, the needs for
security and safety become salient.
People want to experience order, predictability and control in their
lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police,
schools, business and medical care)
For example, emotional security, financial
security (e.g. employment, social welfare),
law and order, freedom from fear, social
stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g.
safety against accidents and injury).
3.Love and belongingness needs 
 
 after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third
level of human needs is social and involves feelings of
belongingness.
Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for
interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being
part of a group.
Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy,
trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love
  4.Esteem needs
 Are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy and include self-worth,
accomplishment and respect.

Maslow classified esteem needs into two categories:

 esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence)
 the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).

Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most

important for children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or
dignity.
5.Self-actualization needs 
are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a
person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences.

 Maslow (1943) describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything

that one can, to become the most that one can be.
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically.
For example, one individual may have a strong desire to become an ideal
parent. In another, the desire may be expressed economically, academically
or athletically.
Hierarchy of needs summary
(a) human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.

(b) needs are organized in a hierarchy of prepotency in which more basic

needs must be more or less met (rather than all or none) prior to higher
needs.

(c) the order of needs is not rigid but instead may be flexible based on
external circumstances or individual differences.

(d) most behavior is multi-motivated, that is, simultaneously

determined by more than one basic need.
Carl Roger’s Humanistic Theory
Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic psychologist
who agreed with the main assumptions of 
Abraham Maslow.
 However, Rogers (1959) added that for a person to
"grow", they need an environment that provides them
with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure),
acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive
regard), and empathy (being listened to and
understood).
 Self-concept
Central to Rogers' personality theory ins the notion of self
or self-concept.  This is defined as “the organized,
consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself.
The humanistic approach states that the self is composed
of concepts unique to ourselves.
The self-concept includes three components:
1.Self-worth
self worth comprises that how we
think about ourselves. Rogers
believed feelings of self-worth
developed in early childhood
and were formed from the
interaction of the child with the
mother and father.
2.Self-image
How we see ourselves, which is important to good psychological health. 
Self-image includes the influence of our body image on inner personality.
At a simple level, we might perceive ourselves as a good or bad person,
beautiful or ugly. Self-image affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves in
the world.
3.Ideal-self
This is the person who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and
ambitions in life, and is dynamic – i.e., forever changing.
The ideal self in childhood is not the ideal self in our teens or late twenties
etc.
Positive regard and self love
Carl Rogers (1951) viewed the child as having two basic
needs: positive regard from other people and self-
worth.

He made a distinction between conditional positive

regard(CPR) and unconditional positive regard(UPR).
 UPR
Unconditional positive regard is
where parents, significant others
(and the humanist therapist)
accepts and loves the person for
what he or she is.  Positive regard is
not withdrawn if the person does
something wrong or makes a
mistake. 
The consequences of unconditional
positive regard are that the person
feels free to try things out and make
mistakes, even though this may
lead to getting it worse at times.
CPR
 Conditional positive regard is
where positive regard, praise,
and approval, depend upon the
child, for example, behaving in
ways that the parents think
correct.
Hence the child is not loved for
the person he or she is, but on
condition that he or she behaves
only in ways approved by the
parent(s). 
Person centered Therapy
Person-centered therapy, also known as Rogerian
therapy, was developed in the 1940s by humanist
psychologist Carl Rogers.
It is a form of therapy that shifts the focus from the
mental health professional to the client, who is
empowered to take control of the therapeutic process.
Rogers believed that every person, regardless of their
mental health struggles, desires and is capable of
reaching their full potential.
How it works?
Person-centered therapy can help with various types
of mental distress including:
Anxiety
Psychosis
Dementia
Depression
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Other mood disorders
Techniques involved in person centered
therapy
There are three main techniques used in person-
centered therapy.
1.Genuineness and Congruence
The genuineness and congruence technique involves the
therapist being genuine and harmonious toward their
clients.
The therapist is open and honest about their thoughts and
feelings and, by doing so, teaches their clients the ability to
do the same.
2.Unconditional Positive Regard
Unconditional positive regard is total acceptance. This means that the
therapist will always completely accept and support their client when
participating in client-centered therapy.

3.Empathetic Understanding
Empathy is the true understanding and sharing of feelings between two
people.
The main goal of empathetic understanding is to ensure that the client
feels completely understood in everything they say. This is done in a way
that gives clients the opportunity to gain insights into themselves that
they may not have had prior to beginning therapy
Benefits of Person centered therapy
There are many benefits associated with person-centered
therapy including:
Improved self-awareness
Improved self-concept (the way you see yourself)4
Greater trust in oneself and one’s own abilities
Healthier relationships with others based on an improved view
and understanding of oneself
Healthier communication skills
Improved ability to express opinions and feelings
Ability to let go of past hurt or mistakes
Ability to strive for healthy changes that make one's life better
Thank you