CIT 133

INTRO TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
By
Professor Gurth A. Ford II
gf@ljmma.edu.bs
Questions:
• Identify the major parts of a personal computer, including input,
processing, output, storage, and communications hardware.
• Define software and understand how it is used to instruct the
computer what to do.
Activity

List the five basic types of computers, giving at

least one example of each type of computer and
stating what that computer might be used for.
Explain what a network, the Internet, and the
World Wide Web are, as well as how computers,
people, and Web pages are identified on the
Internet.
The INTERNET

•Discuss the societal impact of

computers, including some benefits
and risks related to their
prominence in our society.
HISTORY
• What computers do and how they are used?
• Computer terminology
• An overview of the history of computers
• The basic types of computers in use today
• Societal impacts of computers
First-Generation Computers (approximately 1946—
1957)

• The first generation computers made use of:

• - Vacuum tube technology,
• - Punched cards for data input,
• - Punched cards and paper tape for output,
• - Machine Language for writing programs,
• - Magnetic tapes and drums for external storage.
The Second Generation of Computers (1958-
1963
• The generation of Transistorized Computers
• we can say that in the second generation
computers:
• - Vacuum tube technology was replaced by
transistorized technology,
• - Size of the computers started reducing
Third Generation of Computers (1964-1970

•The third generation was characterized by :

•Use of Integrated circuits
•Phenomenal increase in computation speed
•- Substantial reduction in size and power
consumption of the machines
Fourth-Generation Computers (approximately
1971–present)
• The general features of the fourth generation
computers were:
• Use of Very Large Scale Integration
• - Invention of microcomputers
Fifth-Generation Computers (now and the
future)
• PC-COMPATIBLE TOWER COMPUTERS Tech
Clothing COMPUTERS
• NOTEBOOKS TABLETS INTERNET-
• ENABLED GAMING CONSOLES
• based on artificial intelligence
Hardware and Software
• A typical computer system consists of the following major
components:
• a) The central processing unit (CPU)
• b) Main memory
• c) Secondary storage devices
• d) Input devices
• e) Output devices
The central processing unit (CPU)
• The CPU is the most important component in a computer because
without it, the computer could not run software
• In the earliest computers, CPUs were huge devices made of electrical
and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.
• Today, CPUs are small chips known as microprocessors.
• Intel, Texas Instruments, TSMC, NVIDIA, QuallComm, and more.
• UniCom is a Chinese manufacturer that was banned for spying.
Main Memory
• Main memory is commonly known as random-access
memory, or RAM.
• RAM is usually a volatile type of memory that is used
only for temporary storage while a program is
running.
• When the computer is turned off, the contents of
RAM are erased.
Main Memory Continued
• There is a kind of permanent memory, or data storage that the
computer uses to tell it how to do its job.
• Read Only Memory has functions hardwired into its circuitry that will
“boot up” the machine once it is powered on.
• ROM will then turn over control to the Operating System so that you
can then use the computer at will.
• There are SPECIAL ROM types that will allow for erasing
• PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
• EPROM (Eraseable, Programmable Read Only Memory)
STORAGE DRIVES
• The most common type of secondary storage device is the disk drive.
• A floppy disk drive records data onto a small floppy disk, which can be
removed from the drive. It has long since fallen out of favor for
numerous reasons
• USB drives are small devices that plug into the computer’s USB
(universal serial bus)
• - CD and DVD drives use a laser to detect the Bits and thus read the
encoded data. Optical discs hold large amounts of data
Input Devices
Output Devices
Software
• OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Commercial
• MICROSOFT WINDOWS (Windows 11)
• APPLE OS X (El Capitan 10.11.6)
• Red Hat Linux
• Sun UNIX

• Non Commercial
• Linux freeware versions (Ubuntu,
• Debian
Software Continued
• Utility Software
• Anti-Virus
• Administrative
• Productivity Software
• Microsoft Office
• Apple Works
• Gaming Software
• Communications Software
• Browser
• Email Client
The Internet
• Modern computing devices have turned the manipulation of data into
an essential part of life.
• This has moved us to want to connect every device possible to the
internet.
• What is the Internet?
• Where did it come from?
• How long has it been around?
• How many devices are connected to the internet today?
The CONCEPT OF THE UNBREAKABLE
The Addressing Scheme
• IPv4 Addressing
• 256.256.256.256 = 4,294,967,296 hosts from 4 octets (32 bits)
(surpassed on 25th Nov, 2019)
• IPv6 Addressing
• FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF = 2^64 from 16 octets (128bits)
(This number is unbelievably large)
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is in charge of this.