Fundamentals of Thermal

Engineering and Boiler Principle of

Power Plant
1.The optimum excess Air Coefficient is the corresponding excess air coefficient when the
sum of q2+q3+q4 is the smallest.
2.The highest calorific value in a coal is H (hydrogen).
3.The classification of an economizer by construction is: Smooth tube, Diaphragm tube,
Spiral finned tube.
4.When the water wall tube is heated, the boiling of many small bubbles is nucleate boiling.
5..Film boiling usually occurs in the water wall tubes of boilers with subcritical parameters.
6.Heat transfer deterioration in evaporation tube: When the heat load increases to a certain
extent, film boiling will occur in the water wall tube
7.The main measures to alleviate thermal deviation are imported with throttle ring, organize
the combustion in the furnace, reduced heat deviation, increase mass flow rate and reduce wall
temperature.
8.The factors affecting the intermediate point temperature of supercritical parameter boiler are
as a leading signal for steam temperature control and prevent the film-like boiling and
overheating of the water wall.
9.Impurities in natural water include suspended solids, colloidal content and dissolved
substances.
10.There are ways to remove dirt: Manual descaling, Mechanical descaling and Chemical
descaling.
11.When the system reaches thermal equilibrium, the radiant heat transfer is zero, but the
thermal radiation still continues.
12.The higher the basic water content M is, the lower the calorific value of the coal is.
13.The carbon received in the elemental analysis (we can also call “the as-received carbon
content of ultimate analysis”) of coal is composed of fixed carbon and carbon in carbides.
14. In boilers operating under negative pressure, RO2 and O2 on the flue gas side will be
constant along the flue gas flow to the air preheater.
15.The volatilaztion temperature of lignite is lower than that of bituminous coal.
16.Film boiling usually occurs in the water wall tubes of boilers with subcritical parameters.
17.Transition boiling can be defined as unstable boiling, which occurs at surface temperatures
between the maximum value achievable in nucleation and the minimum value achieved in thin
film boiling.
18.Film boiling usually occurs in the water wall tubes of boilers with subcritical parameters. At
this time, the latent heat of water vaporization is relatively small.
19.Water softening treatment: completely remove calcium and magnesium salt after the water
hardness is zero, and then for the strict requirements, we need to remove solids and so on.
20.Thermal deviation will lead to uneven flow distribution, resulting in hydrodynamic
instability.
21.The Boiler is a equipment with enough space for fuel to combust and get its heat energy to
heat the working substance.
22.Among all the heat losses of the chamber combustion furnace, the biggest one is the heat
loss of the flue gas, its value is about 4% ~ 8%.
23.The working principle of coarse powder separator includes gravity separation, inertia
separation and centrifugal force separation.
24.The flow patterns of vapor-liquid two-phase flow include:bubbly flow, slug flow, annular
flow and foggy flow.
25.Areas with severe high temperature corrosion are: burner area and superheater area.
26.Stagnation phenomena: The phenomenon that the circulating water volume of a rising pipe
in the circulating circuit is reduced to equal to the steam flow generated by the pipe.
27. Backflow phenomenon: the working medium in the riser flows from top to bottom.
28.When the reverse flow speed is very fast, the pipe can be well cooled without local
overtemperature.
29.Characteristics of heat radiation: In the process of the object emitting and absorbing radiant
energy, the conversion of electromagnetic energy and thermal energy takes place.
30.According to the flow direction of flue gas and steam, the convective superheater / reheater
is divided into: countercurrent, downstream, double countercurrent type and mixed flow.
31.Laminar flow is Re≤2000 and the fluid particle only moves in a straight line parallel to the
pipe axis.
32.Heat transfer methods include thermal conduction, thermal convection and heat radiation.
33.Steam temperature characteristics are expressed as a relationship between steam
temperature and boiler load.
34.In a closed circuit, the flow of the working medium is facilitated by the gravitational
pressure difference caused by the difference in density of the working medium itself, and it is
called natural circulation.
35.High temperature corrosion is the erosion of metal tube surfaces on high temperature
heating surfaces caused by the ash or slag layer formed when the sulphur in the fuel is burned.
36.The main factors affecting the explosion of pulverized coal are the volatile matter, moisture
and ash content, particle size, temperature of gas mixture, concentration of pulverized coal and
oxygen concentration.
37.Main factors affecting cycle safety of a boiler:
①Uneven heating or excessive heating intensity of water wall
②Downcomer with steam or self vaporization
③Scaling on the inner wall of water wall tube
④Flow resistance of rising system
⑤Variable load speed too fast or low load operation
38.The nature (characteristics) of the natural cycle (circulation) is that the circulating driving
force caused by the gravity potential pressure difference overcomes the flow resistance of the
rising system and the falling system and promotes the working medium to flow in the
circulating circuit.
39.The characteristics of thermal radiation are:
The energy transfer of thermal radiation does not need other medium, and the transfer
efficiency is the highest in vacuum.
The conversion of electromagnetic energy and thermal energy takes place in the process of
emission and absorption of radiant energy.
Both of these characteristics are determined by the basic fact that radiation is the
transmission of electromagnetic waves.
40.The function of an economizer are
①Reduce exhaust gas temperature, improve boiler efficiency and saving materials.
②Reduce water absorption in the evaporation heating surface.
③Increase the feed water temperature, reduce the temperature difference between the feed
water and the drum wall, and reduce the thermal stress of the drum.
41. The calorific value of a coal (High or low) is related to its combustible contents.
Generally, the more combustible contents, the less oxygen content, the higher calorific value.
The difference lies in the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor. The high calorific value is
equal to the sum of the low calorific value and the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor.