Professional Documents
Culture Documents
–
Examples
to design Footings
Example
Design a square footing to support a 18 in. square
column tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9
bars. The column carries an unfactored axial dead
load of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The
base of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
Example 1
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:
3 1 ft.
Wc d 150 lb/ft * 24 in. * 300 lb/ft 2
12 in.
1 ft.
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft * 4 ft 24 in. *
3 200 lb/ft 2
12 in.
Example 1
The effective soil pressure is given as:
qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
Example 1
Calculate the size of the footing:
d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
Example 1
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.
bo 4c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in. 3.125 ft
12 in
Example 1
Calculate the shear Vu
Vu Pu qn c d
2
10 ft
1
10 ft
Example 1
Calculate d value from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d
4
Vc 2 f c b0 d
c
d
Vc s 2 f c b0 d
s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge
and 20 for corner column
bo
Vc 4 f c b0 d
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
two way shear
1000 lb
616 k
Vu
d 1k 19.1 in.
4 f c b0
0.85 4 4000 150 in
Example 1
The second equation bo is dependent on d so use the
assumed values and you will find that d is smaller and
= 40
Vu
d Actual (d =14.02324 in.)
40d
2 f c b0 bo=128.93 in
ob
1000 lb
616 k
1k 10.6 in.
4019.5 in
0.85
2 4000 150 in
150 in
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using one-way shear
1 ft
18 in
L c 10 ft 1 ft
d 12 in 19.5 in
2 2 2 2 12 in
2.625 ft
L c
Vu qn l2 d
2 2
6.83 k/ft 2 10 ft 2.625 ft 179.3 k
Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear
1000 lb
179.3 k
Vu
d 1k 13.9 in.
2 fc b 12 in
0.85 2 4000 10 ft
1 ft
12 in.
616.8 k - ft *
Mu
Ru 1 ft 0.1622 ksi
bd 2 120 in * 19.5 in 2
Example 1
From Ru for the footing the value can be found.
1.7 Ru
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
0
f c
0. 1622 ksi
1.7 1.7 41.7
2
0.94 ksi
0.04632
2
fy 0.046324 ksi
0.04632 0.0031
fc 60 ksi
Example 1
Compute the area of steel needed
12 in.
As bd 0.0030910 ft 19.5 in. 7.23 in 2
1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018 bh 0.0018120 in.24 in. 5.18 in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200 200
As bd 120 in.19.5 in. 7.8 in 2 Use
fy 60000
Example 1
Use a #7 bar (0.60 in2) Compute the number of bars
need As 7.8 in 2
n 13 Use 13 bars
Ab 0.60 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
L 2 * cover 120 in - 23 in
s 9.5 in
n 1 12
Example 1
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7
N1 0.85 f c A1 0.7 0.854 ksi 18 in 771 k
2
A2
N 2 N1 2 N1
A1
Example 1
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2
2
1 ft
A1 18 in 2.25 ft 2
12 in.
The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is
A2 100 ft 2
6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2771 k 1542 k
A1 2.25 ft 2
Example 1
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2
1 ft.
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft * 4 ft 24 in. *
3 200 lb/ft 2
12 in.
Example 2
The effective soil pressure is given as:
qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
Example 2
Calculate the size of the footing:
Actual Loads DL LL 245 k 200 k 445 k
445 k
Area of footing 98.9 ft 2
4.5 k/ft 2
98.9 ft 2
Side of footing 11 .64 ft Use 12 ft
8.5 ft
Example 2
Calculate net upward pressure:
d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using the one-way shear (long direction)
1 ft
18 in
L c 12 ft 1 ft
d 12 in 19.5 in
2 2 2 2 12 in
3.625 ft
L c Vu =150.7 k in
Vu qn l2 d short direction
2 2
6.7 k/ft 2 8.5 ft 3.625 ft 206.4 k
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear design
1000 lb
206.4 k
Vu
d 1k 18.8 in.
2 fc b 12 in
0.85 2 4000 8.5 ft
1 ft
Vu Pu qn c d
2
12 ft
1.41
8.5 ft
Example 2
Calculate d from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d.
4
Vc 2 f c b0 d
c
d
Vc s 2 f c b0 d
s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge
and 20 for corner column
bo
Vc 4 f c b0 d
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated for the
two way shear
1000 lb
617.6 k
Vu
d 1k 15.8 in.
4 4
2
f c b0 0.85 2 4000 150 in
1 . 41
Example 2
The third equation bo is dependent on d so use the assumed
values and you will find that d is smaller and = 40
Vu
d Actual (d =14.032 in.)
40d
2 f c b0
bo=128.173 in
ob
1000 lb
617.6 k
1k 10.64 in.
4019.5 in
0.85
2 4000 150 in
150 in
Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
the two way shear
1000 lb
617.6 k
Vu
d 1k 19.14 in.
4 f c b0
0.85 4 4000 150 in
Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column (long direction)
1 ft
18 in
L c 12 ft
12 in 5.25 ft
2 2 2 2
L c
L c 2 2 5.25 ft 8.5 ft 784.8 k - ft
M u qn b 6.7 k/ft5.25 ft
2 2 2 2
Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find of the footing.
12 in.
784.8 k - ft *
Mu
Ru 1 ft 0.2428 ksi
bd 2 12 in
8.5 ft * 19.5 in 2
1 ft
Example 2
Use the Ru for the footing to find .
1.7 Ru
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
0
f c
0. 2428 ksi
1.7 1.7 41.7
2
0.94 ksi
0.07036
2
fy 0.070364 ksi
0.07036 0.00469
fc 60 ksi
Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
As bd 0.00469 8.5 ft 19.5 in. 9.33 in 2
1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018 bh 0.0018102 in.24 in. 4.41 in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200 200
As bd 102 in.19.5 in. 6.63 in 2
fy 60000
Example 2
Use As =8.36 in2 with #8 bars (0.79 in2). Compute
the number of bars need
As 9.33 in 2
n 11 .8 Use 12 bars
Ab 0.79 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
12 in.
492.5 k - ft *
Mu
Ru 1 ft 0.1079 ksi
bd 2 12 in
12 ft * 19.5 in 2
1 ft
Example 2
Use Ru for the footing to find .
1.7 Ru
Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
2
0
f c
0 . 1079 ksi
1.7 1.7 41.7
2
0.94 ksi
0.0305
2
fy 0.03054 ksi
0.0305 0.00203
fc 60 ksi
Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
As bd 0.0020312 ft 19.5 in. 5.72 in 2
1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018 bh 0.0018144 in.24 in. 6.22 in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200 200
As bd 144 in.19.5 in. 9.36 in 2
fy 60000
Example 2
Use As =9.36 in2 with #6 bar (0.44 in2) Compute the
number of bars need
As 9.36 in 2
n 21.3 Use 22 bars
Ab 0.44 in 2
Calculate the reinforcement bandwidth
Reinforcement in bandwidth
2 2 0.83
Total reinforcement 1 1.41 1
Example 2
The number of bars in the 8.5 ft band is 0.83(22)=19 bars .
A2
N 2 N1 2 N1
A1
Example 2
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2
2
1 ft
A1 18 in 2.25 ft 2
12 in.
The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is
A2 100 ft 2
6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2771 k 1542 k
A1 2.25 ft 2
Example 2
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.
0.005 A1 0.005 * 18 in 1.62 in 2
2
ld
fy
ld
f ydb
60000 psi 1.0 in
47.4 in
db 20 f c 20 f c 20 4000 psi
ld
fy
ld
f ydb
60000 psi0.75 in
28.5 in
db 25 f c 25 f c 25 4000 psi
23 #6 12 #8