Indian Journalism

Table of contents

Overview of Indian
1 Overview of India 2 journalism

Characteristics of Indian
3 journalism 4 Summary
Introduction
 Overview of Indian
2 journalism
 According to history
1. Pre-independence
• 1780: The first newspaper in India was Hicky's Bengal
Gazette (James Augustus Hickey).
• Several other newspapers were curtailed by the British East
India Company.
• 1835: The Metcalfe Act, which introduced a more liberal press
policy
• 1857: The Licensing Act
• 1867: the Registration Act
 According to history
• 1878: the Vernacular Press Act (Lord Lytton). One of the most
stringent regulations on the freedom of the press in India -> The
‘Gagging Act’
• Began publishing in English
• Many measures were enacted to hit Indian papers hard
• Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha widely used the Press to rally the
masses against the British. 
• The All-India Newspapers Editors’ Conference was conceived and
aimed to be a protector of press rights in the country.
 According to history
2. Post-independence
• 1947: The Press Enquiry Committee
• 1966: The All India Press Council, an autonomous, statutory,
quasi-judicial body
• Other Acts passed (Delivering of Books and Newspapers Act,
Working Journalists  and Miscellaneous Provisions Act;
Newspaper Act; Parliamentary Proceedings Act)
 According to history
2. Post-independence
• “All citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and
expression…” Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution
• The News Broadcasters Association (NBA) and Broadcast
Editors Association (BEA) were established to self-regulate the
news content aired on television.
• The electronic media complies with the guidelines of Central
News Media Accreditation Guidelines
 According to the types of news
1. Print Media
- 2004: India ranks 2nd in the world in the number of publications
per day (78.8 million copies)
- 4000 private newspapers, 5000 mouthpieces of political parties,
2000 corporate newspapers, 404 national newspapers, 379
government-issued papers
- Most newspapers are privately owned, so there is fierce
competition in terms of information coverage, and consumer
markets.
 According to the types of news
2. Broadcast Media
Radio
All India Radio (AIR)
- is one of the largest media organizations in the world
- 262 radio stations, 92% of the country's area. Broadcast in 23 languages ​and
179 dialects
- The station is divided into 6 groups of channels, including 3 types of
information: news, commerce and entertainment.
 According to the types of news
2. Broadcast Media
Radio
- The number of private radio stations in the country increased by nearly
60% from December 2015 to June 2022.
- The number of radio stations in India is less than in the US, but thanks to
the continuous innovation plan, the number of people listening to the radio
increases by more than 30 minutes/per person/per day compared to 3
hours/per person/per day in advanced countries.
 According to the types of news
2. Broadcast Media
Television
- National Television Station (Door darshan - DD), a not-for-profit, mainly on
news
- The station has advertising that takes up most of the broadcast time, and
works for commercial purposes (New Delhi, Assam, ..)
- Divided into 3 groups of information: political news; education;
Recreational sports
 According to the types of news
3. Online Media
- Hindu is the first online newspaper in 14 languages
- Facing difficulties due to the high predominance of the printing press,
low standard of living, etc
- Another difficulty is the lack of electricity, 40% of rural households and
20% of urban households often lack electricity
- Indians living abroad are the main audience of electronic newspapers
- As a multilingual country, the online newspapers are mainly in English
and most of them belong to large press groups.