Few reminders to follow..

Always prepare your Periodic Tables and Calculators with you

during our class time.
 Mole
Concept
in relation to Avogadro’s number
and mass
 UnJumble the words
Guess the word formed from the jumbled letters.

01. OLARM SASM

Molar Mass
02. LMOE
Mole

03. VOGAADRO’S MBERUN

Avogadro’s Number
 Read and balance the chemical equations:

1. Al+3 + S-2 Al2S3

(reactants) (products)

2. H2O + CO2 H2CO3

(vice versa)

3. HCl + Na NaCl + H2
Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo
Avogadro
- An Italian scientist who came up the
concept of moles.
- 1 mole consists of an Avogadro’s
number of particles.
 Aren’t you curious?
What is the mass of 10.2 mol of O2?
What is the mass in grams of 1.00 x 1012 lead (Pb)
atoms?
.”
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
• Determine the molar mass of elements and compounds
• Calculate the mass of a given number of moles of an
element of compound or vice versa
• Calculate the mass of a given number of particles of an
element or compound or vice versa.
 The Atomic Mass Unit

● Because the masses of atoms and subatomic particles are so small, a

convenient unit to use is the amu.
● A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights/mass.
● A physical constant that is accepted for use in the SI measurement
system.
● 1 amu = 1.6605 x 10-24 g
● 1/12 mass of the 12C isotope.
● 12C = 12 amu
● The masses of the proton and neutron are approximately 1 amu.
 The Mole
● The mole is just a number of things
● 1 dozen = 12 things
● 1 pair = 2 things
● 1 mole = 6.022141x1023 things

It is a convenient unit to use because of the great number

of atoms, molecules or others in any substance.
 Using Moles

Moles provide a bridge from the molecular scale to the

real-world scale
The number of moles correspond to the number of
molecules. 1 mole of any substance has the same
number of molecules.
 Mole Relationships

● One mole of atoms, ions, or molecules contains Avogadro’s number

of those particles
● One mole of molecules or formula units contains Avogadro’s number
times the number of atoms or ions of each element in the compound
01.
Molar Mass
 What Is Molar Mass?
● Molar mass is a mass of an element or
compound in gram.
● It has a unit of gram per mol (g/mol).
● 1 mole of an atom also equals the atomic
mass number of that atom in grams.
 Molar Mass

Element
● Is a pure substance made of all atoms with the same amount of
protons in their nuclei.
● The mass of an element is located below the Element Symbol on
the periodic table
● For Example: Carbon and Hydrogen
 Molar Mass

Compound
- is a chemical substance made up of many identical molecules
bound together by chemical bonds and made up of atoms from
different elements.
- the formula mass of a compound is the total of the molar
masses of all the elements in a formula
Formula Mass (FM)

● Sum of the atomic mass for the atoms in a chemical

formula
● So, the formula Mass of calcium chloride, CaCl2, would be
Ca: 1(40.1 amu)
+ Cl: 2(35.5 amu)
111.1 amu

● These are generally reported for ionic compounds

Molecular Mass (MM)

● Sum of the atomic weights/mass of the atoms in a molecule

● For the molecule ethane, C2H6, the molecular weight would
be
C: 2 (12.0 amu)
+ H: 6 (1.0 amu)
30.0 amu
Sample Problem 1. Find the molar mass of water
Formula of water: H2O
To calculate the mass of one molecule of water, you would add the
atomic masses of the 3 atoms of that make up one water molecule.
Sample Problem 2. Find the molar mass of water

Formula of water: H2O

Elements Number Atomic Mass Total Mass

of Moles
H 2 1.0078 g (2) 2.0156 g/mol
O 1 15.999/ 16.00g (1) 16.00 g/mol
      18.01 g of H2O
CHECKPOINT #1
What are the molar masses of the
following element or compound?
• Ca 40.08 g/mol
• CO2 43.98 / 44 g/mol
• NaCl 58.44 g/mol
Percent Composition

One can find the percentage of the mass of a compound that

comes from each of the elements in the compound by using
this equation:

(number of atoms)(atomic mass)

% element = x 100
(FM or MM of the compound)
 Percent Composition

So, the percentage of carbon and hydrogen in ethane (C2H6,

molecular mass = 30.0) is:

(2)(12.0 amu) 24.0 amu

%C = = x 100 = 80.0%
(30.0 amu) 30.0 amu

(6)(1.01 amu) 6.06 amu

%H = = x 100 = 20.0%
(30.0 amu) 30.0 amu
 Exercise:

1. Calculate the percentage by mass of the indicated elements in

each of the following compounds:
a. Sodium in sodium azide, NaN3; used in automobile air bags.
b. Aluminum in aluminum oxide, Al2O3; the naturally occurring
mineral corundum.
c. Nitrogen and Oxygen in dopamine, C8H11O2N; a
neurotransmitter in the brain.
02.
Calculating moles to mass
and mass to moles
 Dimensional
Analysis Method of Solving Problems
1. Find out what is given in the problem
2. Determine which unit conversion factors are
needed.
3. Carry units through calculation
desired unit
given units x = desired unit
given unit
Example: Determine the mole
mol = mol
grams x
grams
 Formula to use
• Moles to Mass Concept

• Mass to Moles Concept

Moles to Mass
Concept
 Moles to Mass Concept

Sample Problem 3. What is the mass of 10.2 mol of O2?

Step 1. Identify the given quantities present on the problem.

Given: moles given in the problem = 10.2 mol of O 2
Step 2: Identify what is asked
Asked: mass (g) = ?
Moles to Mass Concept

Sample Problem 3. What is the mass of 10.2 mol of O2?

Step 3: Identify any compounds or molecule, if there are any,

compute for the total molar mass.
 Moles to Mass Concept

Sample Problem 3 What is the mass of 10.2 mol of O2?

Step 4. Use the given formula.

Step 5. Substitute the given quantities to the formula.

Step 6. Perform the necessary operations. (cancel all the common units)
Mass to Mole
Concept
Mass to Moles Concept

Sample Problem 4.
How many moles are there in 70.9g of chlorine (Cl)?

Step 1. Identify the given quantities present on the problem.

Given: Mass given in the problem = 70.9g of Cl
Step 2: Identify what is asked
Asked: Number of Moles = ?
Step 3: Identify any compounds or molecule, if there are any,
compute for the total molar mass.
 Mass to Moles Concept

Sample Problem 4.
How many moles are there in 70.9g of chlorine (Cl)?
Step 4. Use the given formula
Step 5. Substitute the given quantities to the formula.

Step 5. Perform the necessary operations. (cancel all the common units)
CHECKPOINT #2
Solve the following problems.
Note: Your final answer should have 2 decimal places only
• How many moles are present in 120.0g of Sulfur, S?
3.74 moles
• What is the mass of 60 moles of table salt, NaCl?
3506.4 grams
03.
Calculating Particles to Mass
and Mass to Particles
 Formula to use
• Particles to Mass Concept (Particle--- Mole---Mass)

• Mass to Particles Concept (Mass--- Mole--- Particle)

Particle to Mass
Concept
(Particle--- Mole---Mass)
 Particle to Mass Concept (Particle--- Mole---Mass)

Sample Problem 5. What is the mass in grams of 1.00 x 1012 lead (Pb)
atoms?
Step 1. Identify the given quantities present on the problem.
Given: number of particles= 1.00 x 1012 lead (Pb) atoms
Step 2: Identify what is asked
Asked: mass = ?
Step 3: Identify any compounds or molecule, if there are any,
compute for the total molar mass.
 Particle to Mass Concept (Particle--- Mole---Mass)

Sample Problem 3. What is the mass in grams of 1.00 x 1012 lead

(Pb) atoms?
Step 4. Use the given formula
Step 5. Substitute the given quantities to the formula.
 Particle to Mass Concept (Particle--- Mole---Mass)

Sample Problem 3. What is the mass in grams of 1.00 x 1012 lead

(Pb) atoms?
Step 5. Perform the necessary operations. (cancel all the common units)
Mass to Particle
Concept
(Mass-- Mole---Particle)
 Mass to Particle Concept (Mass-- Mole---Particle)

Sample Problem 6. Calculate the number of particles in CH4 that are

present in 220g of CH4?
Step 1. Identify the given quantities present on the problem.
Given: mass = 220g of CH4
Step 2: Identify what is asked
Asked: number of particles = ?
Step 3: Identify any compounds or molecule, if there are any,
compute for the total molar mass.
 Mass to Particle Concept (Mass-- Mole---Particle)

Sample Problem 6. Calculate the number of particles in CH4 that are

present in 220g of CH4?
Step 3: Identify any compounds or molecule, if there are any,
compute for the total molar mass.
 Mass to Particle Concept (Mass-- Mole---Particle)

Sample Problem 6. Calculate the number of particles in CH4 that are

present in 220g of CH4?
Step 3. Use the given formula
Step 4. Substitute the given quantities to the formula.
 Mass to Particle Concept (Mass-- Mole---Particle)

Sample Problem 6. Calculate the number of particles in CH4 that are

present in 220g of CH4?

Step 5. Perform the necessary operations. (cancel all the common units)
CHECKPOINT #3
Solve the following problems.
Note: Your final answer should have 2 decimal places only

How many grams are there in 1.00x1024 particles in BCl3?

195.36 grams
How many grams are there in 1.00x1024 particles in BCl3?

Given: 1.00x1024 particles of BCl3 B :10.81 g = 10.81 g

Asked: mass=? Cl3: 35.45 g (3) = 106.35 g
Molar mass of Cl3 :117.16 grams

= 195.36 grams
Summary
- The mole is a unit for counting particles in a given
mass of a substance.
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles
- The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams
that is numerically equal to the atomic mass or formula
mass of the substance.
Formula
• Moles to Mass Concept

• Mass to Moles Concept

• Particles to Mass Concept (Particle--- Mole---Mass)

• Mass to Particles Concept (Mass--- Mole--- Particle)

 Chemists do not always deal in large units of mass, such as the mass of a
human body—which, of course, is measured in kilograms. Instead, the
chemist's work is often concerned with measurements of mass for the
smallest types of matter: molecules, atoms, and other particles.

6.02 x 1023 particle make up a mole of material. It might be atoms,

molecules, ions, or even eggs, coins, fruits, and so on. But consider the vast
difference in size between the sizes of daily life objects and atomic particles.
If you try to draw the tiniest dot possible on your notebook using either a pen
or a pencil, you will find it visible and now go on dividing this tiny dot into
million of times to find an atom. It is unimaginably small!
 Now you can observe the sizes of everyday items that are quite distinct
and visible. A mole of anything, whether it's an object you can touch or feel,
is a huge number.
 LEARNING EXERCISE:

1. What is the molar mass of H3PO4?

2. How many grams are there in 3.3 x 1023 molecules of
N2I6?
3. How many moles are there in 200 grams of CCl4?
4. How many particles are there in 230 grams of CoCl4?
Supplemental Videos to watch

https://youtu.be/q3Cy6_9J3Ao
https://youtu.be/Qc4Bd_igD30
https://youtu.be/jgkiV-ZoGoc
 References
● https://youtu.be/YALzrjXd1uw
● https://youtu.be/q3Cy6_9J3Ao
● https://youtu.be/Qc4Bd_igD30
● https://youtu.be/jgkiV-ZoGoc
● https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-molar-mass-definition-formula-examples.html
● https://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Molar-Mass?amp=1
● https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/10.5/primary/less
on/conversions-between-mass-and-number-of-particles-chem/
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry
_(CK-12)/10%3A_The_Mole/10.05%3A_Conversions_Between_Mass_and_Number_of_
Particles