TITRASI ASIDI

ALKALIMETRI
 OUTLINE

Volumetri Titrasi Asam Basa Aplikasi Titrasi Asam

• Sampel • Prinsip Dasar Basa
• Larutan Baku/Titran • Kurva Titrasi • Perhitungan Kadar
• Indikator • Indikator asam basa • Aplikasi dalam FI IV
• Perhitungan
• Kesalahan Titrasi
VOLUMETRI
VOLUMETRI

• ANALISIS VOLUMETRI = analisis titrimetri :

analisis penentuan kadar sampel berdasarkan ekivalensi
larutan standar yang ditambahkan dari buret dengan bantuan
indikator untuk menetapkan banyaknya volume yang harus
ditambahkan

Standar/
Sampel Indikator
Titran
VOLUMETRI

• Solution whose concentration is to be

Sampel estimated
• Cairan, padatan

• Solution whose concentration is precisely

Larutan known
Baku/Titran • Filled in a burette

• Useful as visual endpoints in titrations

Indikator • An acid/base indicator turns different colors
at different pH
LARUTAN BAKU PRIMER

A primary standard should possess the following qualities:

1. It must be available in very pure form
2. It should not be affected by exposure to moisture or air.
3. It should maintain its purity during storage.
4. The reactions involving the primary standard should be
stoichiometric and fast.
5. It should have high molecular weight.

Example : H2C2O4.
Larutan Baku Asam distandarkan dg
Baku Primer Basa : Na-karbonat, TRIS atau THAM
(tris hidroksimetil aminometan), Na-tetraborat,
Merkuri oksida

Larutan Baku Basa distandarkan dg

Baku Primer Asam : KH-Ftalat, Asam benzoat, Asam
sulfamat, KH-iodat, Asam sulfosalisilat, Na2B4O7
LARUTAN BAKU SEKUNDER

• Untuk menentukan konsentrasi larutan baku sekunder harus

distandarisasi/dibakukan terlebih dahulu dengan baku
primer

• Example : NaOH
PERHITUNGAN :
V sampel x N sampel = V baku x N baku
mgrek sampel = V baku x N baku
TITRASI ASAM BASA
TITRASI ASAM BASA

 A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an

acid and a base in an aqueous solution react to
produce a salt and water. The generic reaction is:
H+ + OH- → H2O
H3O+ + OH- → 2 H2O
An acid is a proton donor (H+), A base is a proton
acceptor
 A salt is an ionic compound made up of a cation from
a base and an anion from an acid.
 Neutralization is a double-replacement reaction.
• The standard solution is filled in a
burette.
• A couple drops of acid base indicator
are added to the flask.
• The standard solution is slowly
added to the unknown solution in
the flask.
• As the two solutions are mixed the
acid and the base are neutralized.
END POINT
• The point at which an indicator changes color.

EQUIVALENCE POINT
• The point at which moles of H+ ion from the acid
equals moles of OH– ion from the base. An
abrupt change in pH occurs at the equivalence
point.
Jarak antara titik equivalent dan titik akhir
titrasi tidak boleh terlalu jauh sehingga akan
mempengaruhi hasil akhir titrasi.
KURVA Titrasi

 Adalah sebuah grafik antara pH (vertical axis)

versus jumlah mL titran yang ditambahkan secara
bertingkat pada sampel.

 Pada saat tercapai equivalence

perubahan pH yang sangat cepat.
point terjadi

 Jika suatu titrasi dilakukan untuk membuat

kurva, penambahan titran terus dilakukan setelah
end point hingga berlebih.
The initial addition of the titrant (in the burette) to the acid does not
produce large changes. This relatively flat region of the pH curve is where a
buffering action occurs.
As the titration proceeds, and base is added, some of the acid is reacted
with the added base, but anywhere before the equivalence point some
excess acid will remain, so the pH stays relatively low.

•point,
Very near the equivalence
a small excess of acid
becomes a small excess of
base with the addition of a
few more drops, so the pH
abruptly changes.
• The equivalence point is the
centre of this change, where
the curve is the most vertical.
REAKSI YANG TERJADI?

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  HOH(l) + NaCl(aq)

Net-ionic equation?

H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) (net ionic equation) For convenience, hydrogen

ions are written in their
simplest (Arrhenius) form
Why was the equivalence point 7?
• Remember water has a neutral pH of 7, and the spectator ions are neutral, so a
strong monoprotic acid-strong monoprotic base titration must have a pH of 7 at
the equivalence point.
 Equivalence points

It is important to note, that the equivalence point pH is 7 ONLY for strong

acid-strong base reactions.

• For every other acid-base reaction, the equivalence point solution will
contain ions or molecules that are not spectators – so titration curves must
be done empirically to determine the equivalence point .
GENERAL
RULES

Strong Acid to
Weak Base:
pH at
equivalence
point is always
lower than 7

Strong Base to
Weak Acid:
pH at
equivalence
point is always
higher than 7
Titration of Strong acid & strong base
•Since the salt produced is
neutral, the solution at the
equivalence point has a pH
of 7.
•the pH starts off low and
increases as you add more
sodium hydroxide solution.
•Again, the pH doesn't
change very much until you
get close to the equivalence
point. Then it surges
upwards very steeply
Titration of weak acid and strong base
•Salt is basic so,
equivalence point comes
at a pH > 7.
•The start of the graph
shows a relatively rapid
rise in pH but this slows
down
Titration of weak base & strong acid

•Salt formed is acidic, hence,

equivalence point comes at a
pH < 7.
•At the very beginning of the
curve, the pH starts by falling
quite quickly as the acid is
added, but the curve very
soon gets less steep.
Example…

A 43.0 mL of sodium hydroxide was

titrated against 32.0 mL of 0.100 M
hydrochloric acid. What is the molarity of
sodium hydroxide solution?
Answer…

Step 1: Find the moles of hydrochloric acid:

• Mol = M x L
• Mol = 0.100 mol x .032 L
L
HCl = .0032 mol
Answer…

Step 2: Write a balanced equation, and find the

molar ratio between the acid and the base.

HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

• Ratio:- HCl : NaOH
1 mol : 1mol
• NaOH = 0.0032 Mol
 Answer ….

Step 3: Find the concentration of sodium

hydroxide.
• M (NaOH) = mol/ L
• M = 0.0032 mol
0.043 L
NaOH = 0.0744 M
Ada 4 Macam Perhitungan Jika Suatu Asam Dititrasi
Dengan Suatu Basa

1. Titik awal, sebelum penambahan basa. pH

larutan ditentukan oleh konsentrasi asam
2. Pada tahap sebelum titik ekivalen
3. Pada titik ekivalen
4. Setelah titik ekivalensi
Titrasi asam kuat dengan basa kuat

1. Pada awal titrasi, pH larutan ditentukan oleh konsentrasi asam

H  Ca


2. Pada tahap sebelum titik ekivalensi

 
H  VaMa - VbMb
Va  Vb
3. Pada titik ekivalensi, asam tepat dinetralkan oleh basa :Vb (ekiv) =
Va Ma/Mb

H  OH ; H 
 - 
Kw
4. Setelah titik ekivalensi, pH larutan ditentukan oleh konsentrasi OH-
berlebih

OH  

VbMb - VaMa
Va  Vb
Contoh :
Titrasi 50 mL HCl 0,1000 M dengan NaOH 0,1000 M

mL NaOH 0,1M pH
1 1.02
10 1.18
20 1.37 Kurva Titrasi HCl terhadap NaOH

30 1.6 14
45 2.28 12
10
fenolptalein
50 7 pH 8
6
50.1 10 4 Metil merah
2
51 11 0
0 20 40 60 80
55 11.68 mL NaOH 0,1 M

60 11.96
70 12.22
Titrasi asam lemah dengan basa kuat

1. Pada awal titrasi pH ditentukan oleh konsentrasi larutan asam

H 

Ka.C

2. Pada tahap sebelum titik ekivalensi

 

H  Ka
C asam
C garam

3. Pada titik ekivalensi semua asam telah berubah menjadi

garam  OH 
 Kw.C
Ka

4. Setelah titik ekivalensi, pH ditentukan oleh kelebihan NaOH

OH 

VbMb - VaMa
Va  Vb
Contoh :
Titrasi 50 mL CH3COOH 0,1000 M (Ka = 1,8.10-5)
dengan NaOH 0,1000M
mL NaOH 0,1000 M pH
0 2.87 Kurva titrasi 50 ml CH3COOH 0,1000 M
1 3.18 dengan NaOH 0,1000 M
5 3.8
10 4.14 14
20 4.57 12
30 4.92
10
40 5.35 fenolptalein
8
45 5.7
pH

49 6.43 6

49.9 7.44 4 Metil merah

50 8.72 2
51 11
0
55 11.68 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
60 11.96 mL NaOH 0,1000 M
70 12.22
Contoh :
Titrasi 50 ml CH3COOH 0,1 M (Ka = 1,8.10-5) dengan NaOH 0,1 M
Proses yang akan terjadi adalah sebagai berikut :
1).Pada titrasi awal belum ada NaOH yang diteteskan, jadi hanya
ada CH3COOH, sehingga
[H ]
+
= = Ka[asam] 1,8.10 5 (0,1)
= 0,013 = 1,3 . 10-3 M
Jadi pH = -log [H+] = -log 1,3 . 10-3
= 3 – log 1,3 = 2,87
2) Daerah kurva setelah penetesan larutan NaOH 0,1 M merupakan
daerah penyangga (Daerah sebelum titik ekivalen) Misalnya pada
saat penetesan 1 ml NaOH 0,1 M

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)  CH3COONa (aq) + H2O(l)

Mula- 50 ml 0,1 M 1 ml 0,1 M - -
mula mmol = 5 mmol mmol = 0,1 mmol
Bereak 0,1 mmol 0,1 mmol 0,1 0,1 mmol
si mmol
Sisa 4,9 mmol 0 0,1 0,1 mmol
mmol

[H+] = Ka. a = 1,8 . 10-5 . 4,9= 8,8 . 10-4

bk 0,1
Jadi pH = -log [H+] = -log 8,8 . 10-4
= 4 – log 8,8 = 3,05
Titrasi asam kuat dengan basa lemah
1. Pada awal titrasi, pH ditentukan oleh konsentrasi asam
= Ca H+
2. Pada tahap sebelum titik ekivalensi C larutan ditentukan oleh
konsentrasi asam

 

H 
VaMa - VbMb
Va  Vb
3. Pada titik ekivalensi, semua asam bereaksi dengan basa

 
H 
Kw. c garam
Kb
4. Setelah titik ekivalensi, dlm lar. Terdapat kelebihan basa lemah
dan garam yang terbentuk (buffer)

OH  Kb ccgaram
 basa
Contoh :
Titrasi 50 mL HCl 0,1000 M dengan NH3 0,1000 M
mL NaOH pH
0 1,0

1 0,096
Kurva tirasi 50 mL HCl 0,100 M dengan NH3
5 1,09 0,100 M

10 1,18 9
8
7
20 1,37 pH 6
5
Metil merah
4
30 1,60 3
2 Metil jingga
40 1,95 1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
45 2,28 mL NaOH

49 3,0

49,9 4,0

50 5,1
 ?

Rumu
? s pH ?

?
Strong Acid (HCl)– Weak Diprotic Base (Na2CO3)

The equivalence point is still below 7. If you observe the curve closely, you see that there are two
places where the curve steepens as the titration proceeds.
• This happens because the base is diprotic, meaning that it will react with two hydrogen
ions; so the hydrogen ions attach to the carbonate one at a time.
• We use the second reaction equivalence point, because we want the pH value when the
reaction is complete.

Why does the curve

start at the top?
Because now a
strong acid is being
added to the weak
base, not vice versa
Strong Acid (HCl)– Weak Diprotic Base (Na2CO3)

CO32-(aq) + H+(aq)  HCO3-(aq) – first equivalence point

HCO3-(aq)+ H+(aq)  H2CO3(aq) – second equivalence point

Net reaction:
CO32-(aq) + 2H+(aq)  H2CO3(aq)

You will want to

choose an
indicator that
changes color at
the second
equivalence point
STRONG ACID (HCl)– WEAK DIPROTIC BASE (Na2CO3)

Balanced reaction: Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + H2CO3(aq)

Net ionic equation:

2Na+ (aq) + CO32-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)  2Na+ (aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
KEGUNAAN KURVA titrasi :
• Initial pH levels
• Equivalence point volume of titrant
• Number of reaction steps
• Equivalence point pH for indicator selection; so
the endpoint observed for the indicator chosen will
closely match the equivalence point of the reaction
Indikator Asam Basa

Senyawa yang digunakan sebagai indikator

titrasi asam basa adalah:
• Asam organik sangan lemah atau
• Basa organik sangat lemah
Pasangan konjugatnya menunjukkan warna
yang berbeda
 What is an Indicator?

• It changes from the protonated to the deprotona-ted

form during titration. The protonated (HIn) and
deprotonated (In-) form of the indicators absorb light of
different wavelengths.
• As the indicator is also being titrated, you must only use a
few drops, or too much titrant will get consumed by the
indicator.
• An acid/base indicator turns different colors at different
pH. As the pH changes, the ratio of protonated to
deprotonated forms changes, so the color of the solution
changes.
Indikator Asam Basa
Asam : HIn + H2O H3O+ + In-
Basa : In- + H2O HIn + OH-

[H3O+][In-] [HIn]
Ka = ---------------- pH = pKa - log ----
[HIn] [In-]

Warna tergantung konsentrasi yang dominan :

Misal. jika HIn merah dan In- kuning, maka
pada pH rendah [HIn] dominan, ratio 10/1 (merah)
pada pH tinggi [In-] dominan, ratio 1/10 (kuning)
pada pH sedang [HIn] = [In-], ratio 1 (jingga)
Contoh:

HIn + H2O In- + H3O+ pKHIn

Warna warna
asam basa

In + H2O InH+ + HO-

Warna warna
Basa asam
Mata akan melihat perubahan
warna jika:
[HIn]
[In ] minimal 100x

[H+] harus berubah minimal 100 x.

pH= (-log[conc]) harus berubah oleh faktor 2
Jika HIn dalam larutan asam berada sebagai Hin, maka
warna yang terlihat = warna asam, (ratio =10)
Jika HIn dalam larutan basa berada sebagai In; warna
yang terlihat =warna basa, (ratio = 0.1)
Choosing and Using Indicators

• To pick an appropriate indicator, you need to

know what pH the equivalence point will be.
• You choose an indicator whose pKHIn is close to
the equivalence point pH.
• This way the visual endpoint the indicator gives
will be very close to the actual equivalence point.
Choosing and Using Indicators
• If you choose well, the error will be much less
than 1%.
• This is because the pH of a titration changes
dramatically near the equivalence point.
• A very small addition of the titrant causes a
large change in the pH.
• So if the indicator changes colors near this
drastic pH change, the indicator error will be
small.
Choosing and Using Indicators

• For example, a strong acid-strong base

titration will have a pH of 7.00 at the
equivalence point.
• Looking at the chart, what would be good
indicators to use for the titration of HCl with
NaOH, and what color change would indicate
the endpoint?
Chemical dyes whose color are
affected by acidic and
basic solutions are called acid-base
indicators.
Thymol Blue: pKIn1 = 1.7; pKIn2 = 8.9
• Thymol blue is an
unsuitable indicator
for this titration
because it changes
colour before the
equivalence point
(pH 7).

• Alizarin yellow is
also unsuitable
Simulation
because it changes
colour after the
equivalence point.

• Bromothymol blue is suitable because its endpoint pH of 6.8

(assume the middle of its pH range) closely matches the reaction
equivalence point pH of 7, and the colour change is completely on
the vertical portion of the pH curve.
 Final Tips

• It is also critical
that the amount
of indicator used
be extremely
small.

• Some of the titrant volume is used to react with the indicator to

make it change color. But if the amount of indicator is small, the
volume of titrant used this way will be very small, and the
accuracy of the titration will not be affected.
 KESALAHAN TITRASI :
TINJAUAN ANTARA TITIK AKHIR TITRASI (IND) vs TITIK EKIVALEN

Contoh : I
10,0 ml HCl 0,1025M + 50 ml air + 2-3 tetes ind. pp (8 – 10), dititrasi
dengan larutan baku NaOH 0,0982 N sampai TAT (tak berwarna 
merah muda)

1). Reaksi : HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O

2). Menetukan pH hasil reaksi : NaCl + H2O  pH = pH H2O = 7
3). Menentukan apakah TAT jatuh sebelum atau sesudah TE
4). Menetukan komposisi senyawa yang ada pada TAT
5). Menetukan perumusan pH pada TAT yang akan dipakai untuk
perhitungan kekurangan / kelebihan pentiter
6). Perhitungan kesalahan titrasi :
(kelebihan / kekurangan pentiter) / (pentiter yg seharusnya) x 100%
 MENETAPKAN TAT :
 pH_______________7______8______________10_________
TE TAT

Penetapan TAT : diambil pH terdekat interval pH kerja ind pp (8 – 10)

TAT : sesudah TE : BERLEBIH NaOH
Komposisi pada TAT : NaCl + H2O………..+ NaOH kelebihan
(mis. X ml 0,0982N)
pH larutan = pH NaOH = pH TAT = 8  pOH = 14 – 8 = 6
pOH = - log [NaOH]
[NaOH] = (X) / (V total lar ) x 0,0982
V total lar = V HCl + V aquades + V NaOH
V NaOH = (10 x 0,1025) / (0,0982) + X ml = (10,44 + X) ml
V total lar = 10 + 50 + 10,44 + X = (70,44 + X) ml
 [NaOH] = (X) / (70,44 + X) x 0,0982 .
 Persamaan :
pOH = - Log [NaOH]
10 – 6 = [NaOH]

10 – 6 = {(X) / (70,44 + X)} x 0,0982

*X diabaikan terhadap 70,44

 X = (70,44 / 0,0982) x 10 – 6 = 7,17 x 10 – 4 ml

Kesalahan titrasi
= {(7.17 x 10 – 4 ) / (10.44)} x 100%
= 6.87 x 10 – 3 %
Misalnya : pp diganti dengan ind mm (4.4 – 6.2)
 pH__________4.4___________6.2_______7____________
TAT TE
Kondisi TAT : - sebelum TE  kekurangan NaOH/sisa HCl
(Δ pH = 0.8)
komposisi larutan : NaCl + H2O…….. + HCl sisa
 pH ditentukan oleh HCl sisa (mis. Y ml 0.1025M)

pH larutan = 6.2 (TAT) = - log [HCl]

10 – 6.2 = (Y/70.44) x 0.1025
Y = (70.44 / 0.1025) x 6.3 x 10 – 7
= 4.33 x 10 – 4 ml 0.1025M
Kelebihan HCl setara dengan NaOH sebanyak :
= {(4.33 x 10 – 4) x 0.1025} / (0.0982)
= 4.52 x 10 – 4 ml 0.0982N

Kesalahan titrasi :
= {(4.52 x 10 – 4)/(10.44)}x100%
= 4.33 x 10 – 3 %
Contoh : II
10,0 ml Larutan HAc 0,0975 M (pKa 4,74) + 50 mL air + 2 Tts
Ind Pp (8 – 10,0) dititrasi dg larutan NaOH 0,1036 N

1). Reaksi : HAc + NaOH  NaAc + H2O

2). pH larutan = pH NaAc  pOH = ½ (pKa Ac- + pC)
V NaOH ekiv = (10 x 0,0975) / 0,1036 = 9,41 ml
[NaAc] = (10 x 0,0975) / (10 + 50 + 9,41) = 0,0140
- log [NaAc] = pC = - log 0,0140 = 1,98
 pOH = ½ (14 – 4,74 + 1,98) = 5,62
 pH = 14 – 5,62 = 8,38
3). Menentukan TAT :
pH  ------------------- 8 ---- 8.38 ------------------- 10.0 ------------
TAT TE
TAT : sebelum TE  kekurangan NaOH
atau ada sisa HAc
4). Komposisi pada TAT : NaAc + H2O ……..+ HAc sisa (buffer)
 pH larutan = pKa HAc + Log { [NaAc] / [HAc]}

5). Misalkan sisa HAc = X mL  NaAc = (10 – X)mL.0,0975

8 = 4,74 + log (10 - X) / (X)
log (10 – X) / (X) = 3.26
(10 – X) / (X) = 10 3,26 = 1819,7  X = 5,45 x 10 – 3

6). Kesalahan titrasi : {(sisa) / (yang semula)} x 100%

(Δ pH = 0.38) = {(5.45 x 10 – 3) / (10)} x 100%
= 5.45 x 10 – 2 %
10,0 mL larutan HAc 0,0975 M (pKa 4,74) + 50 mL Air + 2
Tetes Ind Timolftalein (9,4 – 10,6) dititrasi dg Larutan NaOH
0,1036 N
Menentukan TAT :
pH ----------------------8.38----------- 9.4 ------ 10.6 -----------------
TE TAT
TAT : sesudah TE/kelebihan NaOH, pH = kelebihan NaOH
Komposisi pada TAT : NaAc + H2O + NaOH (kelebihan, mis. Y ml)
pH = 9.4  pOH = 14 – 9.4 = 4.6  [OH-] = 2.51 x 10 –5
[NaOH] = {(Y) / ( 10 + 50 + 9.41)} x 0.1036 = 2.51 x 10 – 5
Y = 1.68 x 10 – 2
Kesalahan titrasi = {(1.68 x 10 – 2) / (9.41)} x 100 % = 0.18 %
(Δ pH = 1.02)
 PERHITUNGAN PH

A 10.00 mL sample of waste water is titrated to its

phenolphthalein endpoint by addition of 36.32 mL of
0.0765 M NaOH. What is the pH of the original waste
water sample?
NaOH = Na+ + OH-
[OH-] = [NaOH]
H+ + OH- = H2O
1*36.32 mL*0.0756M = 1*10.00mL*X M
X = 0.2745 M
pH = - log (0.2745 M)
pH = 0.56
Titration of 25.00 mL of a sulfuric acid solution of unknown
concentration required 43.57 mL of 0.1956 M NaOH to reach
equivalence. What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid?
*Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) is a diprotic acid.
H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O (l)

1*43.57 mL*0.1956 M = 2*25.00 mL * X M

X = 0.1704 M H2SO4

2 [H2SO4] = [H+]
2*0.1704 M = 0.3408 M H+
pH = - log (0.3408) = 0.47
 PENETAPAN KADAR
- TIDAK MEMPERMASALAHKAN KESALAHAN TITRASI
- EKIVALENSI BERDASARKAN TAT (IND) YANG DIGUNAKAN

Contoh : I
• Penetapan kadar CaCO3 (MR 100,08) dimana H2CO3
dengan pKa1 = 6,37 dan pKa2 = 10,25
• Prosedur : 500,4 mg sampel batu kapur dipanaskan, setelah
dingin + 50,0 ml HCl 0,2000N , kemudian dititrasi dengan
larutan baku NaOH 0,1016N dan ind hijaubrom kresol (3,8
– 5,4) yang ternyata perlu : 4,50 ml untuk mencapai TAT
KAJIAN :
1). Reaksi : CaCO3 + 2 HCl (berlebih)  CaCl2 + H2CO3
HCl (sisa) + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
2) pH ekiv : H2CO3 + CaCl2 + NaCl + H2O  ditentukan :

H2CO3 = ½ (pKa1 + pC) = ½ (6.37 + mis. 2) = 4.185

(masih dalam color change interval ind hbk)
3). Perhitungan :
sisa HCl = (4.50 x 0.1060) grek
= 0.4770 mgrek
HCl = CaCO3
= (50 x 0.2000) – 0.4770 = 9.523 mgrek4). 4).
Penetapan ekivalensi :
CaCO3 + 2 HCl  1 mgrl CaCO3 = 2 mgrek
5). Menghitung kadar :
CaCO3 = 9.523 mgrek = ½ x 9.523 mgrl
= 4.7615 mgrl
= 4.7615 x 100.08 (MR)
= 476.53092 mg  = 476.53 mg
Kadar = (476.53 / 500.4) x 100 % = 95.23 %
Contoh II:
suatu sampel campuran HAc (pKa 4.74 & MR 60.0) dan HCl
(MR 36.5) ditetapkan kadar masing-masing dengan prosedur
berikut ini :
a. 10.0 ml larutan sampel + 25 ml air + ind (2.9 – 4.0) + dititrasi
dengan larutan baku NaOH 0.1012N, ternyata untuk mencapai TAT
nya memerlukan 3.45 ml
b. 10.0 ml larutan sampel + 25 ml air + ind (8.0 – 10.0) + dititrasi
dengan larutan baku NaOH 0.1012N, ternyata untuk mencapai TAT
nya memerlukan 12.36 ml
PEMECAHAN PERMASALAHAN :
1. Reaksi : HCl  NaCl  (NaCl)
+ NaOH + NaOH
HAc  (HAc)  NaAc
2. Perhitungan pH Ekivalen :
pH Ekiv-i = pH HAc = ½(pKa + pC) = ½ (4.74 + 2) = 3.37
pH Ekiv-ii = pH NaAc = 14 – ½ (14 – 4.74 + 2) = 8.37; Misal pC = 2

3. Penetapan tahapan reaksi :

-Prosedur a) : ind 2.9 – 4.0 : reaksi tahap I (pH ekiv = 3.37)
- NaOH bereaksi dengan HCl  NaCl
-Kadar HCl = (3.45 x 0.1012) / (10.0) = 0.0352N
- = 0.0352 mgrek / liter = 0.0352 x 36.5 mg / liter
- = 1.2848 mg / liter
- Prosedur b) : ind (8.0 – 10.0) : reaksi thp II (pH ekiv = 8.37)
- NaOH (total) : bereaksi dengan HCl  NaCl (3.45 ml)
- HAc  NaAc (12.36-3.45)
-Kadar HAc = {(12.36 – 3.45) x 0.1012} / (10.0) = 0.0910N
- = 0.0910 x 60.0 mg / liter = 5.4600 mg / liter.
TERIMA KASIH