“IT”

GE - 12
LIVING IN THE “IT”
ERA
“ We should all be concerned about
the future because we will have to
spend the rest of our lives there. “
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

1. What is COMPUTER?
2. What is a COMPUTER SYSTEM?
3. The 3 major components of a COMPUTER SYSTEM.
4. The 3 stages of computer operation.
What is COMPUTER?
COMPUTER is an electronic machine
used to manipulate data for the
purpose of generating useful and
meaningful information.
3 STAGES OF COMPUTER OPERATION
PROCESSING STAGE

OUTPUT STAGE

INPUT STAGE
What is COMPUTER SYSTEM?
A COMPUTER SYSTEM is a set of interrelated parts performing specific
and individual tasks for the purpose of generating useful and meaningful
information.
 3 MAJOR
COMPONENTS OF
THE
COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE
3. PEOPLEWARE/LIVEWARE
HARDWARES – are the physical components of the
of the computer system.

TYPES OF HARDWARES
1. INPUT DEVICES – used for entering raw data/instructions into the
computer’s memory.
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
2. OUTPUT DEVICES – where the information generated can be obtained.

Monitor – displays the “softcopy” of the

information

Printer – produces the “hardcopy” of

the information to the user.

Speakers – produces the familiar beep,

sound, music, and crude speeches.
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – the brain of the computer.

TYPES OF MEMORY
a. RAM (Random Access Memory) –
stores temporary instructions and
data. Non-Volatile Random Access
Memory (NVRAM) is a category of
Random Access Memory (RAM) that
retains stored data even if the power is
switched off.

b. ROM (Read-Only Memory) –

stores permanent instructions for
computer’s routinary operations.
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information

* CD – Compact Disc
* DVD – Digital Versatile Disc
* Blu-Ray Disc

* Microfloppy Disk

* USB Flash Drives

 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Solid State Drive (SSD)

 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information
What Is an HDD?

An HDD is a data storage device that lives inside the computer. It has spinning
disks inside where data is stored magnetically. The HDD has an arm with
several "heads" (transducers) that read and write data on the disk. It is similar
to how a turntable record player works, with an LP record (hard disk) and a
needle on an arm (transducers). The arm moves the heads across the surface
of the disk to access different data.
HDDs are considered a legacy technology, meaning they’ve been around
longer than SSDs. In general, they are lower in cost and are practical for data
that does not need to be accessed frequently, such as backups of photos,
videos or business files. They are available in two common form factors: 2.5
inch (commonly used in laptops) and 3.5 inch (desktop computers).
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information
What Is an SSD?
SSDs got their name—solid state—because they use solidstate devices under the hood. In an
SSD, all data is stored in integrated circuits. This difference from HDDs has a lot of implications,
especially in size and performance. Without the need for a spinning disk, SSDs can reduce to
the shape and size of a stick of gum (what’s known as the M.2 form factor) or even as small as a
postage stamp. Their capacity—or how much data they can hold—varies, making them flexible
for smaller devices, such as slim laptops, convertibles, or 2 in 1s. And SSDs dramatically reduce
access time since users don’t have to wait for platter rotation to start up.

NAND flash memory is a type of non-volatile storage technology that does not require
power to retain data.

SSDs are more expensive than HDDs per amount of storage (in gigabytes (GB) and terabytes
(TB)), but the gap is closing as SSD prices decline at a faster pace that HDD prices year over
year.
 TYPES OF HARDWARES
4. Secondary/External Memory Storage – are media used to store the
softcopy of the information

Head-to-Head Comparison: SSD vs. HDD

When it comes to capacity, SSDs for computers are available in 120GB

to 30.72TB capacities, whereas HDDs can go anywhere from 250GB to
20TB. When measuring cost per capacity, HDDs come out on top, but
as SSDs drop in price, this will become less of a differentiator for HDDs.
However, with SSDs, you get much more work done per server which
results in fewer devices deployed to get the same output as an HDD.
The result? SSDs have a lower TCO (total cost of ownership).
SOFTWARE S – are programs written by people and
stored in an external memory storage in the form of
instructions.
Types of Softwares
1. System Softwares – are programs supplied by
hardware manufacturer to facilitate the user
while using the computer.
Examples: Operating System (OS) – Windows 7,
Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10
1. System Software – is a type of computer
program that is designed to run a computer's
hardware and application programs
SOFTWARE S – are programs written by people and
stored in an external memory storage in the form of
instructions.

Types of Softwares

2. Application Programs – (app for short) is a program

or group of programs designed for end users. Examples
of an application include a word processor, a 
spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser,
an email client, a media player, a file viewer, an
aeronautical flight simulator, a console game or a 
photo editor.  These contrast with system software,
which is mainly involved with running the computer.
2. Application Programs
TOP 10 BEST ONLINE GAMES FOR PC 2019
PEOPLEWARE/LIVEWARE – Peopleware refers to the
role of people in the computing process. While hardware and
software make up a computer system, both are designed to
be used by humans. Therefore, peopleware is considered the
third component of a Computer System.
Common Computer Professional Job Titles
Data Encoder – one who inputs/types data into the computer.
Programmer - one who writes a program.
Software engineer - Also known as: application programmer,
software architect, system programmer/engineer. The work of a
software engineer typically includes designing and
programming system-level software: operating systems,
database systems, embedded systems and so on.
Systems analysts - investigate and analyse business problems
and then design information systems that provide a feasible
solution, typically in response to requests from their business or
a customer.
Computer Technician – one who fixes the computer and restores
it back to good working condition.
THE TOP 10 BEST SMARTPHONES
OF 2019
This latest OnePlus flagship offers extremely responsive performance
with its 90Hz display, fast UFS 3.0 256GB internal storage, massive
12GB RAM, and the latest Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 Plus processor.
Triple rear cameras are found on the back with a 16 megapixel rising up
from the top just when you need it.
 SAMSUNG
GALAXY NOTE
10/10 PLUS
The Note 10, starting with
8GB of RAM and 256GB of
internal storage, starts at
$949.99 while the Note 10
Plus with 12GB of RAM and
256GB internal storage starts
at $1,099.99. There are also
increased RAM and storage
options for both devices, but
the default base models offer
ample RAM and storage for
most users. The Note 10 Plus
is available now from
Samsung and all carriers. T-
Mobile also just rolled out a
5G variant, priced at
$1,299.99.
 APPLE IPHONE 11 PRO/PRO
MAX
The iPhone 11 Pro starts at $999 while the iPhone 11 Max starts
$1,099 for a minimal storage 64GB model. There are some
attractive colors for enterprise users and compared to the iPhone 11
the Pro version are more focused on business users.
 APPLE IPHONE 11
The iPhone 11 starts at $699 for 64GB with the 128GB model priced
at $749. Six colors are available so there is one to appeal to
everyone.
 SAMSUNG GALAXY S10/S10 PLUS
Samsung's S10 and S10 Plus have a Qualcomm Snapdragon 855, Super AMOLED
Infinity-O display, 8GB RAM (with 12GB option), 128GB to 1TB storage options with a
microSD for even more capacity, five cameras, IP68 rating, WiFi 6, Bluetooth 5, ANT+,
and a stunning design with gorgeous Prism color options. The Galaxy S10 started at
$899.99 while the S10 Plus started at $999.99 for the 8GB/128GB model.
 ONEPLUS 7T
The OnePlus 7T launched at a $599 price, and unlike past OnePlus phones, there is
just one RAM/storage option of 8GB/128GB. The only choices in the US are the colors
Glacier Blue or Frosted Silver. This price is nearly half the price of most of the flagships
at the top of this list and will also be offered by T-Mobile.
 SAMSUNG GALAXY NOTE 9
The Galaxy Note 9 improved upon the Note 8 with a Bluetooth S Pen, more internal
capacity and RAM, a massive 4,000mAh battery, better dual rear cameras with some
software intelligence, enhanced audio capability, and new placement of the rear
fingerprint scanner.
 GOOGLE PIXEL 4 XL AND PIXEL 4
The Google Pixel 4 XL has a large 6.3-inch 18:9 display, Snapdragon 855 processor,
6GB of RAM, 64GB and 128GB integrated storage, dual rear 16MP and 12.2MP
cameras, 8MP front-facing camera, IP68 dust and water resistance, a 3,700mAh
battery, and dual front stereo speakers. The smaller Pixel 4 has a 5.7-inch display and
smaller 2,800mAh battery while the rest of the specs are the same as the XL model.
 GOOGLE PIXEL 3A XL AND PIXEL 3A
The Pixel 3A and 3A XL are powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 670 processor with
5.6 or 6-inch OLED displays, 12MP rear camera, 8MP front camera, 4GB of RAM,
64GB of internal storage, stereo speakers, and 3,000/3,700mAh battery options. This
is targeted to the masses with limited internal storage and US carrier availability at
Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile, as well as unlocked directly from Google.
 APPLE IPHONE XR
You can purchase the iPhone XR in black, white, blue, yellow, coral, and Product Red.
The iPhone XR starts at $749, which is $250 less than the 64GB iPhone XS. There is
also a 128GB model for just $799, which is likely the best deal for the iPhone XR with
the iPhone XS 256GB at a whopping $1,149.